摘要： 以莱阳潮土区长期定位秸秆还田小麦-玉米轮作为研究对象，探讨秸秆还田条件下施用氮肥以及单施有机肥对小麦、玉米产量以及籽粒品质的影响。采用氨基酸组成分析法、半微量凯氏定氮法以及残余法，对不同秸秆还田施肥处理下籽粒品质做出分析，得出2季秸秆还田施氮肥（WCN）处理小麦、玉米籽粒粗脂肪含量较1季秸秆还田施氮肥（WN）处理显著提高5.72%和9.49%。秸秆所占比例越大越有利于提高籽粒粗脂肪含量。WCN处理小麦、玉米籽粒蛋白质含量较2季秸秆还田（WC）处理显著提高32.53%，72.44%，表明氮肥所占比例越大越有利于提高蛋白质含量。单施有机肥与2季秸秆还田施氮肥能显著提高小麦、玉米产量。不同秸秆还田处理对小麦籽粒赖氨酸、胱氨酸、丙氨酸影响较小，对玉米籽粒胱氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸影响也较小，除天门冬氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、胱氨酸、丙氨酸外，长期不同秸秆还田处理对其他氨基酸的影响趋势与氨基酸总量的变化规律类似。综上所述，在秸秆还田的基础上配施氮肥能够得到较高的产量，提高籽粒品质。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 产量, 籽粒品质, 氨基酸

Abstract: This study to Laiyang in Chao Soil Region long-term positioning straw of wheat-maize rotation as research object,applying nitrogen fertilizer were studied under the condition of straw returning and the single application organic fertilizer on wheat and maize yield and grain quality of influence.At the same level of nitrogen fertilizer,the two crop straw returning to field application of nitrogen fertilizer (WCN) treatment of wheat,corn grain crude fat content compared with a quarter of straw to field nitrogen fertilizer (WN) treatment significantly increased by 5.72% and 9.49%.The proportion of straw was more conducive to improve the crude fat content of grain.WCN processing wheat,corn grain protein content than those of the other two season straw (WC) treatment significantly improved 32.53%,72.44%,showed that the proportion of nitrogen bigger was beneficial to improving the protein content.Single application of organic fertilizer and two season straw returning to field application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the yield of wheat and maize.Different straw returning treatment on wheat grain lysine,cystine acid,alanine had little effect,the corn grain cystine acid,glutamic acid,glycine has little effect,except for aspartic acid,leucine,valine,lysine lysine,cystine acid,alanine,long-term different straw also fields of other amino acids.To sum up,the application of nitrogen fertilizer on the basis of straw returning to the field can get higher yield and improve grain quality.

Key words: Straw returning to field, Yield, Grain quality, Amino acid

中图分类号: 

• S158