摘要： 为了提高氮素的经济效益,减少氮素产生的农业面源污染,采用田间定位试验的方法,在子牙河流域研究不同氮肥用量和施肥措施对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田无机氮分布和累积以及对产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,小麦-玉米轮作周期后,无机氮的分布和累积以均以硝态氮为主,从硝态氮分布看,土壤硝态氮含量随着施氮量的增加而显著增加,玉米收获期40 cm以下土层中习惯施肥显著高于优化施肥和对照处理;从小麦和玉米收获期1.2 m土层硝态氮残留来看,优化施肥、优化施肥+有机肥、优化施肥-秸秆还田、缓控肥+有机肥分别比习惯施肥减少43.55%,26.53%,40.82%和42.89%,28.96%,38.28%,32.52%。且冬小麦、夏玉米产量还略有增加。优化施肥措施显著提高了冬小麦和夏玉米的氮肥利用率,其中小麦季氮肥利用率提高了18.94%～51.20%;玉米季氮肥利用率提高了13.77%～43.68%。与农民习惯施肥相比,优化施肥和控释氮肥措施的综合经济效益与环境效益显著提高,是值得推荐的氮肥措施。
关键词:
施氮措施,
冬小麦,
夏玉米,
无机氮,
硝态氮
Abstract: In order to improve the economic efficiency of nitrogen and reduce agricultural pollution,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizations on soil nitrate N distribution and accumulation,yields and fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency under winter wheat summer maize cropping system in the Ziya River Basin.The results showed that the distribution and accumulation of the soil inorganic nitrogen was mainly nitrate N after wheat-maize rotation cycle.The soil nitrate content increased With the increasing nitrogen fertilization.The nitrate N in 0-40 cm depth of soil of conventional fertilization was significantly higher than the optimal fertilization and control treatments at corn harvesting.Compared with conventional fertilization,the residual nitrate N in 0-1.2 m depth of optimized fertilization,optimized fertilizer+organic fertilizer,optimized fertilization+straw,slow controlled fertilizer+organic fertilizer decreased 43.55%,26.53%,40.82% and 42.89%,28.96%,38.28%,32.52% respectively.The yields of winter wheat summer maize increased slightly.The optimized fertilizations significantly increased fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat and summer corn,which increases 18.94%-51.20% in winter wheat season,and 13.77%-43.68% in summer corn season.Compared with conventional fertilization,optimized fertilization and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer measures improved economic and environmental benefits significantly.The nitrogen fertilization measures were recommended.
Key words:
Fertilizations,
Winter wheat,
Summer maize,
Inorganic nitrogen,
Nitrate N
中图分类号:
孙世友, 刘孟朝, 张国印, 茹淑华, 韩宝文, 王凌, 贾良良. 不同氮肥措施对小麦-玉米轮作农田无机氮分布和累积的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2011, 26(S2): 94-98. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2011.S2.022.
SUN Shi-you, LIU Meng-chao, ZHANG Guo-yin, RU Shu-hua, HAN Bao-wen, WANG Ling, JIA Liang-liang. Effects of Different Fertilizations on Soil Nitrate-N Distribution and Accumulation under Winter Wheat Summer Maize Cropping System[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2011, 26(S2): 94-98. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2011.S2.022.