摘要： 利用携带不同矮秆基因的近等基因系, 通过两年、两地的试验研究证明, Rht8半矮秆基因虽然其总小穗数显著低于其他系, 但其籽粒产量、小花结实率较Rht10和Rht12显著高。Rht10的降秆作用最强, 千粒重显著高于Rht8, 但其分蘖成穗率、结实率及小区籽粒产量显著低于其他, 表现对环境条件特敏感。Rht12矮秆基因的降秆程度显著高于Rht8, 但由于生物产量太低、成熟太晚, 造成籽粒产量显著降低, 在小麦育种中单独利用价值较低。

关键词: 冬小麦, 矮秆基因, 近等基因系, 产量构成因子

Abstract: The studies, by using 5 near-isogenic lines carrying different dwarfing and semi-dwarfing genes, through wo years experiments in two different entironments, have proved that the line carring Rht8 semi-dwarf gene had significantly higher grain yield and kernel number per spike than Rht10 and Rht12 gene lines although its total spikelets was significantly lower than others. The line carring with Rht10 dwarfing gene had the shortest plant height among all the RAt lines. Its 1 000 grain weight was significantly higher than RAt8 line. But it had significantly negative effects on kernel number per spike, spike number per m² and grain yield, and was special sensitive to environments. The line with Dwarf gene RAt12 had significantly negative effect on plant height comparing with RAt8, and had very lower above ground biomass, with late maturity, resulting in a significant reduction in grain yield. Therefore, its breeding value is lower used solely.

Key words: Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), Dwarfing gene, Near-isogenic line (NILs), Yield components

中图分类号: 

• S512.1