摘要： 了解不同灌水量和氮肥用量条件下甘蓝生物量变化和不同生育期硝酸盐累积规律，为甘蓝生产中氮素的高效利用和提供硝酸盐安全蔬菜产品生产中合理灌水和施肥提供依据。以北京市种植的甘蓝品种为对象，采用田间裂区试验方法，设置1 800，3 000，4 800.m³/hm² 3个水平灌水量主处理和0，150，300，450.kg/hm² 4个水平氮素用量副处理，测定收获期产量，分析甘蓝莲座期、结球期、收获期硝酸盐含量。结果表明，1 800，4 800.m³/hm²灌水量在不同氮肥用量交互作用下甘蓝产量都显著低于3 000.m³/hm²灌水量处理；产量随施氮量的增加而增加，450.kg/hm²较高施氮量处理下，产量下降，甚至低于150.kg/hm²较低施氮量处理。生长前半期是甘蓝吸收氮素较多的时期，不同灌水量和氮肥用量处理下莲座期植株硝酸盐含量都远高于蔬菜硝酸盐限量国家标准，较低、较高灌水量在不同氮肥用量交互作用下含量相对较低，3 000.m³/hm²灌水量和300，450.kg/hm²氮肥用量下有较高的硝酸盐含量。随甘蓝生育时期的延长，硝酸盐含量呈显著性下降，到0.d收获时都降到蔬菜硝酸盐限量标准以下；3 000，4 800.m³/hm²灌水量在不同氮肥用量交互作用下含量显著高于1800.m³/hm²处理；氮肥施用条件下含量都高于不施氮处理，施氮处理之间没有显著差异。较低、较高灌水和较高氮肥用量条件不利于甘蓝的生长和对氮素的吸收利用，增加了氮素环境流失污染风险；3 000.m³/hm²灌水和300.kg/hm²氮肥用量条件有利于甘蓝生长、氮素的吸收利用，降低菜田地下水硝酸盐污染风险；增加产量，适当时期收获并能提供符合硝酸盐含量标准的蔬菜产品，具有较好经济收益。

关键词: 甘蓝, 产量, 硝酸盐, 灌水量, 氮肥用量

Abstract: Understanding the change of cabbage biomass and nitrate accumulation process in cabbage under conditions of different irrigation schemes and nitrogen fertilization provides the framework for reasonable irrigation and fertilization to achieve efficient utilization of nitrogen and nitrate security vegetable products.Cabbage,main vegetable varieties planted in Beijing,was studied by field split block experiment.1 800,3 000 and 4 800 m³/ha,three levels of the main irrigation rate were applied,followed by 0,150,300,and 450 kg/ha nitrogen treatments.The yield of harvest period was evaluated,and nitrate content in Cabbage at rosette stage,heading stage harvesting time was analysed.Result shows,Cabbage yields under the irrigation levels in the lower(1 800 m³/ha)or the higher(4 800 m³/ha)in the interactions of different amount of nitrogen were significantly lower than the one in 3000 m³/ha irrigation;yield increased with the first increase of nitrogen amount,and declined under the higher nitrogen treatment(450kg/ha),even which was lower than thatof the treatment of 150 kg/ha.Growth of the first half of the cabbage is more nitrogen absorption period,nitrate content of cabbage at rosette stage under the treatments of the interactions of different amount of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer are much higher than national limit standards of nitrate((3000 mg/kg.FW,GB1933822003),are relatively lower level under the conditions of the lower irrigation or higher irrigation in the interaction of different amount of nitrogen,and are relatively higher under the irrigation of 3000 m³/ha in the interactions of 300,450kg/ha.With Cabbage developing stages extended the nitrate content was significantly decreased to the national limit standards of nitrate when it was 60 d,which there were no significant differences among the different amount of nitrogen fertilizer.The conditions of lower,or higher consumption of water in the interactions of nitrogen were not conducive to the growth and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen,there was an increase of nitrogen loss of environmental pollution risks;While the irrigation of 3 000 and 300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer were conducive to the growth of cabbage,nitrogen absorption and utilization,and reduce the risk of nitrate pollution of groundwater in vegetable field;increase output,and can provide the vegetable products up to the national standard of nitrate at the appropriate period of harvest and obtain a better product economic benefits.

Key words: Cabbage, Yields, Nitrate accumulation, Irrigation, Nitrogen fertilizer

中图分类号: 

• S143.1