菠菜冷胁迫和热胁迫下转录组学和代谢组学联合分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

温度胁迫是影响菠菜品质和产量的主要非生物胁迫之一,研究菠菜对温度胁迫响应的分子机制对菠菜抗逆育种具有重要意义。为给菠菜抗冷胁迫、热胁迫机制研究提供理论基础,以菠菜耐冷胁迫自交系D3和耐热自交系M10为试验材料,对其在冷胁迫和热胁迫下的转录组和代谢组进行了分析,以期探讨菠菜抗逆的转录和代谢机制。转录组学分析表明,在冷胁迫和热胁迫下,耐冷自交系D3和耐热自交系M10的差异基因富集最多的途径基本相同。代谢组学分析表明,冷胁迫下在基因与基因组数据库(KEGG)富集通路中共同富集在嘧啶代谢、赖氨酸降解通路中;热胁迫下在KEGG富集通路中共同富集在色氨酸代谢,甲苯降解,各种其他次生代谢物的生物合成,甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸的代谢通路中;转录组学和代谢组学联合分析结合基因注释,确定了SpADH(sov2g036390)、SpSHMT(sov1g001130)、SpALDH-1(sov4g007150)为菠菜耐冷胁迫的候选基因,SpALDH-1(sov4g007150)、SpALDH-2(sov1g043320)、SpNPC(sov1g040610)为菠菜耐热胁迫的候选基因,其中,SpALDH-1(sov4g007150)在冷胁迫和热胁迫下都显著表达,可能是菠菜抗逆的相关调控基因。

关键词: 菠菜, 冷胁迫, 热胁迫, 转录组, 代谢组, 候选基因

Abstract:

Temperature stress is one of the main nonbiological stresses that affect the quality and yield of spinach.Investigating the molecular response mechanism of spinach to temperature stress is crucial for spinach stress tolerance breeding.To provide a theoretical basis for the research of the mechanism of spinach resistant to cold stress and heat stress,this study used the cold-tolerant inbred line D3 and the heat-tolerant inbred line M10 of spinach as experimental materials and analyzed their transcriptomes and metabolomes under cold and heat stress to explore the transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms underlying spinach tolerance.Transcriptomic analysis showed that the pathways in which the DEGs were the most enriched in D3 and M10 were essentially the same under cold stress and heat stress.Metabolomics analysis showed that under cold stress,they were coenriched in the pyrimidine metabolism and lysine degradation in KEGG pathways.Under heat stress,these were mainly enriched in the tryptophan metabolism,toluene degradation,biosynthesis of various other secondary metabolites,and glycine,serine and threonine metabolism in KEGG pathways.The joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis indicated that through data analysis and gene annotation.SpADH(sov2g036390),SpSHMT(sov1g001130)and SpALDH-1(sov4g007150)were identified as the candidate genes for cold stress tolerance in spinach.SpALDH-1(sov4g007150),SpALDH-2(sov1g043320)and SpNPC(sov1g040610)were identified as candidate genes for heat stress in spinach.Among them,SpALDH-1(sov4g007150),which may be a regulatory gene for spinach stress tolerance,was significantly expressed under both cold and heat stress.

Key words: Spinach, Cold stress, Heat stress, Transcriptome, Metabolome, Candidate gene

宫瑞, 张林琳, 崔彦玲, 陈海丽, 李然红, 潜宗伟. 菠菜冷胁迫和热胁迫下转录组学和代谢组学联合分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(6): 27-39. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195231.

GONG Rui, ZHANG Linlin, CUI Yanling, CHEN Haili, LI Ranhong, QIAN Zongwei. Combined Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Spinach under Cold and Heat Stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(6): 27-39. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195231.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I6/27

图/表 11

图1 菠菜D3、M10自交系

Fig.1 Spinach D3,M10 inbred lines

图2 冷胁迫下D3(A)、M10(B)的差异表达基因KEGG途径富集分析 A.冷胁迫下D3的差异表达基因KEGG途径富集分析:1.内吞作用,2.过氧化物酶体,3.吞噬体,4.植物激素信号转导,5.MAPK信号通路-植物,6.磷脂酰肌醇信号系统,7.ABC转运体,8.核糖体,9.内质网的蛋白质加工,10.剪接体,11.RNA转运,12.碳代谢,13.淀粉和蔗糖代谢,14.氨基酸生物合成,15.苯丙素生物合成,16.植物-病原相互作用,17.昼夜节律-植物;B.冷胁迫下M10的差异表达基因KEGG途径富集分析:1.内吞作用,2.吞噬体,3.过氧化物酶体,4.植物激素信号转导,5.MAPK信号通路-植物,6.磷脂酰肌醇信号系统,7.ABC转运体,8.内质网的蛋白质加工,9.剪接体,10.核糖体,11.RNA转运,12.碳代谢,13.淀粉和蔗糖代谢,14.氨基酸生物合成,15.苯丙素生物合成,16.植物-病原相互作用,17.昼夜节律-植物。

Fig.2 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes of D3(A)and M10(B)under cold stress A.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes of D3 under cold stress:1.Endocytosis,2.Peroxisome,3.Phagosome,4.Plant hormone signal transduction,5.MAPK signaling pathway-plant,6.Phosphatidylinositol signaling system,7.ABC transporters,8.Ribosome,9.Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,10.Spliceosome,11.RNA transport,12.Carbon metabolism,13.Starch and sucrose metabolism,14.Biosynthesis of amino acids,15.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,16.Plant-pathogen interaction,17.Circadian rhythm-plant;B.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes of M10 under cold stress:1.Endocytosis,2.Phagosome,3.Peroxisome,4.Plant hormone signal transduction,5.MAPK signaling pathway-plant,6.Phosphatidylinositol signaling system,7.ABC transporters,8.Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,9.Spliceosome,10.Ribosome,11.RNA transport,12.Carbon metabolism,13.Starch and sucrose metabolism,14.Biosynthesis of amino acids,15.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,16.Plant-pathogen interaction,17.Circadian rhythm-plant.

图3 热胁迫下D3(A)、M10(B)的差异表达基因KEGG途径富集分析 A.热胁迫下D3的差异表达基因KEGG途径富集分析:1.内吞作用,2.过氧化物酶体,3.植物激素信号转导,4.MAPK信号通路-植物,5.ABC转运体,6.磷脂酰肌醇信号系统,7核糖体,8.内质网的蛋白质加工,9.RNA转运,10.泛素介导的蛋白水解,11.碳代谢,12.氨基酸生物合成,13.淀粉和蔗糖代谢,14.苯丙素生物合成,15.植物-病原相互作用,16,昼夜节律-植物;B.热胁迫下M10的差异表达基因KEGG途径富集分析:1.内吞作用,2.过氧化物酶体,3.吞噬体,4.植物激素信号转导,5.MAPK信号通路-植物,6.ABC转运体,7.磷脂酰肌醇信号系统,8.核糖体,9.内质网的蛋白质加工,10.剪接体,11.RNA转运,12.碳代谢,13.淀粉和蔗糖代谢,14.氨基酸生物合成,15.苯丙素生物合成,16.植物-病原相互作用,17.昼夜节律-植物。

Fig.3 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes D3(A)and M10(B)under heat stress A.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes of D3 under heat stress:1.Endocytosis,2.Peroxisome,3.Plant hormone signal transduction,4.MAPK signaling pathway-plant,5.ABC transporters,6.Phosphatidylinositol signaling system,7.Ribosome,8.Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,9.RNA transport,10.Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis,11.Carbon metabolism,12.Biosynthesis of amino acids,13.Starch and sucrose metabolism,14.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,15.Plant-pathogen interaction,16.Circadian rhythm-plant;B.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes of M10 under heat stress:1.Endocytosis,2.Peroxisome,3.Phagosome,4.Plant hormone signal transduction,5.MAPK signaling pathway-plant,6.ABC transporters,7.Phosphatidylinositol signaling system,8.Ribosome,9.Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,10.Spliceosome,11.RNA transport,12.Carbon metabolism,13.Starch and sucrose metabolism,14.Biosynthesis of amino acids,15.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,16.Plant-pathogen interaction,17.Circadian rhythm-plant.

图4 冷胁迫下D3(A)、M10(B)中前20个显著富集的差异代谢物KEGG A.冷胁迫下D3中前20个显著富集的差异代谢物KEGG:1.嘧啶代谢,2.色氨酸代谢,3.甲烷代谢,4.赖氨酸降解,5.HIF-1信号通路,6.近端小管碳酸氢盐再生,7.肾细胞癌,8.光合生物的固碳作用,9.抗坏血酸和醛糖酸代谢,10.脂肪酸降解,11.药物代谢-其他酶,12.胰高血糖素信号通路,13.柠檬酸循环(TCA循环),14.赖氨酸生物合成,15.丙酮酸代谢,16,双组分系统,17.味觉转导,18.癌症中的途径,19.谷胱甘肽代谢,20.乙醛酸和二羧酸盐代谢;B.冷胁迫下M10中前20个显著富集的差异代谢物KEGG:1.苯甲酸盐降解,2.赖氨酸降解,3.嘧啶代谢,4.苯丙素生物合成,5.二苯乙烯类、二芳基庚类和姜辣素的生物合成,6.赖氨酸生物合成,7.丙酮酸代谢,8.乙醛酸和二羧酸盐代谢,9.原核生物的碳固定途径,10.甲苯降解,11.二萜生物合成,12.其他各种次生代谢物的生物合成,13.缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解,14.玉米素生物合成,15.多环芳烃降解,16.磷脂酰肌醇信号系统,17.近端小管碳酸氢盐再生,18.肾细胞癌,19.半乳糖代谢,20.光合生物的固碳作用。

Fig.4 KEGG pathways of the top 20 significantly enriched differentially enriched metabolites in D3(A)and M10(B)under cold stress A.KEGG of the top 20 significantly enriched differentially enriched metabolites in D3 under cold stress:1.Pyrimidine metabolism,2.Tryptophan metabolism,3.Methane metabolism,4.Lysine degradation,5.HIF-1 signaling pathway,6.Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation,7.Renal cell carcinoma,8.Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,9.Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism,10.Fatty acid degradation,11.Drug metabolism-other enzymes,12.Glucagon signaling pathway,13.Citrate cycle(TCA cycle),14.Lysine biosynthesis,15.Pyruvate metabolism,16.Two-component system,17.Taste transduction,18.Pathways in cancer,19.Glutathione metabolism,20.Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism;B.KEGG of the top 20 significantly enriched differentially enriched metabolites in M10 under cold stress:1.Benzoate degradation,2.Lysine degradation,3.Pyrimidine metabolism,4.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,5.Stilbenoid,diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis,6.Lysine biosynthesis,7.Pyruvate metabolism,8.Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,9.Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,10.Toluene degradation,11.Diterpenoid biosynthesis,12.Biosynthesis of various other secondary metabolites,13.Vaine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,14.Zeatin biosynthesis,15.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation,16.Phosphatidylinositol signaling system,17.Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation,18.Renal cell carcinoma,19.Galactose metabolism,20.Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organism.

图5 热胁迫下D3(A)、M10(B)前20个显著富集的差异代谢物KEGG通路 A.热胁迫下D3中前20个显著富集的差异代谢物KEGG道路:1.色氨酸代谢,2.己内酰胺降解,3.甲苯降解,4.其他各种次生代谢物的生物合成,5.甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢,6.糠醛降解,7.C5支链二元酸代谢,8.吲哚生物碱生物合成,9.化学致癌作用-活性氧,10.癌症中胆碱代谢,11.氯环己烷和氯苯降解,12.磷壁酸生物合成,13.甘油磷脂代谢,14.轴突再生,15.非洲锥虫病,16,萘降解,17.苯乙烯降解,18.异黄酮生物合成,19.多巴胺能神经突触,20.催乳素信号通路;B.热胁迫下M10中前20个显著富集的差异代谢物KEGG道路:1.植物激素的生物合成,2.植物次生代谢产物的生物合成,3.色氨酸代谢,4.α-亚麻酸代谢,5.嘧啶代谢,6.柠檬烯和蒎烯降解,7.氨基酰-tRNA生物合成,8.苯甲酸盐降解,9.原核生物的碳固定途径,10.植物激素信号转导,11.新霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素的生物合成,12.甲苯降解,13.其他各种次生代谢物的生物合成,14.玉米素生物合成,15.多种生物碱的生物合成,16.不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成,17.甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢,18.吲哚生物碱生物合成,19.化学致癌作用-活性氧,20.脂肪酸降解。

Fig.5 KEGG pathways of the first 20 significantly enriched differential metabolites of D3(A)and M10(B)under heat stress A.KEGG pathways of the top 20 significantly enriched differentially enriched metabolites in D3 under heat stress:1.Pyrimidine metabolism,2.Caprolactam degradation,3.Toluene degradation,4.Biosynthesis of various other secondary metabolites,5.Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,6.Furfural degradation,7.C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism,8.Indole alkaloid biosynthesis,9.Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species,10.Choline metabolism in cancer,11.Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation,12.Teichoic acid biosynthesis,13.Glycerophospholipid metabolism,14.Axon regeneration,15.African trypanosomiasis,16.Naphthalene degradation,17.Styrene degradation,18.Isoflavonoid biosynthesis,19.Dopaminergic synapse,20.Prolactin signaling pathway;B.KEGG pathways of the top 20 significantly enriched differentially enriched metabolites in M10 under heat stress:1.Biosynthesis of plant hormones,2.Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites,3.Tryptophan metabolism,4.α-Linolenic acid metabolism,5.Purine metabolism,6.Limonene and pinene degradation,7.Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,8.Benzoate degradation,9.Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes,10.Plant hormone signal transduction,11.Neomycin,kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis,12.Toluene degradation,13.Biosynthesis of various other secondary metabolites,14.Zeatin biosynthesis,15.Biosynthesis of various alkaloids,16.Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,17.Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,18.Indole alkaloid biosynthesis,19.Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species,20.Fatty acid degradation.

图6 冷胁迫下D3(A)、M10(B)差异基因/代谢物显著富集的前30个KEGG代谢通路 A.冷胁迫下D3差异基因/代谢物显著富集的前30个代谢通路KEGG富集柱状:1.苯丙酸代谢,2.色氨酸代谢,3.萜类骨架生物合成,4.苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氢酸生物合成,5.苯丙素生物合成,6.核黄素代谢,7.半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢,8.维生素B6代谢,9.组氨酸代谢,10.氨基酸生物合成,11.嘧啶代谢,12.泛醌和其他萜醌的生物合成,13.酪氨酸代谢,14.单内酰胺的生物合成,15.精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢,16,柠檬酸循环(TCA)循环,17.嘌呤代谢,18丁酸代谢,19.丙酮酸代谢,20.丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,21.β-丙氨酸代谢,22.α-亚麻酸代谢,23.乙醛酸和二羧酸盐代谢,24.硫胺代谢,25.缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解,26.甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,27.脂肪酸降解,28.丙酸代谢,29.光合生物的固碳作用,30.碳代谢;B.冷胁迫下M10差异基因/代谢物显著富集的前30个代谢通路KEGG富集:1.苯甲酸二萜生物合成,2.氨基酸生物合成,3.柠檬烯和蒎烯降解,4.硫胺代谢,5.异喹琳生物碱生物合成,6.丙酮酸代谢,7.丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,8.酪氨酸代谢,9.烟酸盐和烟酰胺代谢,10.维生素B6代谢,11.叶酸生物合成,12.嘌呤代谢,13.β-丙氨酸代谢,14.花生四烯酸代谢,15.叶酸的一个碳库,16.甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸代谢,17.脂肪酸降解,18.半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢,19.磷脂酰肌醇信号系统,20.光合作用,21.类固醇生物合成,22.脂肪酸代谢,23.肌醇磷酸代谢,24.缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解,25.乙醛酸和二羧酸盐代谢,26.丙酸代谢,27.光合生物的固碳作用,28.α-亚麻酸代谢,29.柠檬酸循环(TCA)循环,30.碳代谢。

Fig.6 KEGG enrichment of the top 30 metabolic pathways with significant enrichment of D3(A)and M10(B)differential genes/metabolites under cold stress A.KEGG enrichment of the top 30 metabolic pathways with significant enrichment of D3 differential genes/metabolites under cold stress:1.Phenylalanine metabolism,2.Tryptophan metabolism,3.Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,4.Phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,5.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,6.Riboflavin metabolism,7.Cysteine and methionine metabolism,8.Vitamin B6 metabolism,9.Histidine metabolism,10.Biosynthesis of amino acids,11.Pyrimidine metabolism,12.Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis,13.Tyrosine metabolism,14.Monobactam biosynthesis,15.Arginine and proline metabolism,16.Citrate cycle(TCA cycle),17.Purine metabolism,18.Butanoate metabolism,19.Pyruvate metabolism,20.Alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,21.β-Alanine metabolism,22.α-Linolenic acid metabolism,23.Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,24.Thiamine metabolism,25.Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,26.Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,27.Fatty acid degradation,28.Propanoate metabolism,29.Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,30.Carbon metabolism;B:KEGG enrichment of the top 30 metabolic pathways with significant enrichment of M10 differential genes/metabolites under cold stress:1.Diterpenoid biosynthesis,2.Biosynthesis of amino acids,3.Limonene and pinene degradation,4.Thiamine metabolism,5.lsoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis,6.Pyruvate metabolism,7.Alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism,8.Tyrosine metabolism,9.Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism,10.Vitamin B6 metabolism,11.Folate biosynthesis,12.Purine metabolism,13.β-Alanine metabolism,14.Arachidonic acid metabolism,15.One carbon pool by folate,16.Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,17.Fatty acid degradation,18.Cysteine and methionine metabolism,19.Phosphatidylinositol signaling system,20.Photosynthesis,21.Steroid biosynthesis,22.Fatty acid metabolism,23.Inositol phosphate metabolism,24.Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,25.Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,26.Propanoate metabolism,27.Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,28.α-Linolenic acid metabolism,29.Citrate cycle(TCA cycle),30.Carbon metabolism.

图7 冷胁迫下D3在α-亚麻酸代谢通路的DEGs、DAMs相关性网络圆表示代谢物,方格表示基因,线上的数值表示相关性系数,正相关的是红色,负相关的是绿色,相关性系数越大,线条越宽,颜色越深。图9同。

Fig.7 Correlation network of DEGs and DAMs of D3 in the α-Linolenic acid metabolism pathway under cold stress The circles represent metabolites,the squares represent genes,and the numbers on the line represent correlation coefficients.Positive correlations are red,negative correlations are green,and the larger the correlation coefficients,the wider the lines and the darker the colors.The same as Fig.9.

图8 热胁迫下D3(A)、M10(B)差异基因/代谢物显著富集的前30个KEGG通路 A.热胁迫下D3差异基因/代谢物显著富集的前30个KEGG代谢通路:1.单内酰胺的生物合成,2.嘌呤代谢,3.柠檬烯和蒎烯降解,4.光合作用,5.酪氨酸代谢,6.柠檬酸循环(TCA)循环,7.植物激素信号转导,8.二苯乙烯类、二芳基庚类和姜辣素的生物合成,9.精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢,10.苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成,11.泛醌和其他萜类-醌的生物合成,12.甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,13.不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成,14.异黄酮生物合成,15.磷酸盐和次磷酸盐代谢,16.氨基酸生物合成,17.β-丙氨酸代谢,18.半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢,19.类固醇生物合成,20.硫代谢,21.硫胺素代谢,22.维生素B6代谢,23.氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢,24.丙酸代谢,25.甘油磷脂代谢,26.缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解,27.α-亚麻酸代谢,28.光合生物的碳固定,29.乙醛酸和二羧酸盐代谢,30.碳代谢;B.热胁迫下M10差异基因/代谢物显著富集的前30个KEGG代谢通路:1.甜菜碱生物合成,2.ABC转运蛋白,3.维生素B6代谢,4.亚油酸代谢,5.泛酸和辅酶A生物合成,6.单萜生物合成,7.原酸代谢,8.半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢,9.氨其糖和核苷酸糖代谢,10.单内酰胺的生物合成,11.不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成,12.萜类骨架生物合成,13.泛醌和其他萜类-醌的生物合成,14.植物激素信号转导,15.柠檬烯和蒎烯降解,16.丁酸代谢,17.硫胺素代谢,18.类固醇生物合成,19.β-丙氨酸代谢,20.组氨酸代谢,21.精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢,22.黄酮生物合成,23.叶酸生物合成,24.花生四烯酸代谢,25.烟酸和烟酰胺代谢,26.缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解,27.甘油磷脂代谢,28.脂肪酸代谢,29.α-亚麻酸代谢,30.脂肪酸降解。

Fig.8 KEGG enrichment for the top 30 pathways significantly enriched in D3(A) and M10(B)differential genes/metabolites under heat stress A.KEGG enrichment of the top 30 metabolic pathways with significant enrichment of D3 differential genes/metabolites under heat stress:1.Monobactam biosynthesis,2.Purine metabolism,3.Limonene and pinene degradation,4.Photosynthesis,5.Tyrosine metabolism,6.Citrate cycle(TCA cycle),7.Plant hormone signal transduction,8.Stilbenoid,diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis,9.Arginine and proline metabolism,10.Phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,11.Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis,12.Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,13.Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,14.Isoflavonoid biosynthesis,15.Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism,16.Biosynthesis of amino acids,17.β-Alanine metabolism,18.Cysteine and methionine metabolism,19.Steroid biosynthesis,20.Sulfur metabolism,21.Thiamine metabolism,22.Vitamin B6 metabolism,23.Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,24.Propanoate metabolism,25.Glycerophospholipid metabolism,26.Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,27.α-Linolenic acid metabolism,28.Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,29.Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,30.Carbon metabolism;B:KEGG enrichment of the top 30 metabolic pathways with significant enrichment of M10 differential genes/metabolites under heat stress:1.Betalain biosynthesis,2.ABC transporters,3.Vitamin B6 metabolism,4.Linoleic acid metabolism,5.Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis,6.Monoterpenoid biosynthesis,7.Propanoate metabolism,8.Cysteine and methionine metabolism,9.Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,10.Monobactam biosynthesis,11.Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,12.Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,13.Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis,14.Plant hormone signal transduction,15.Limonene and pinene degradation,16.Butanoate metabolism,17.Thiamine metabolism,18.Steroid biosynthesis,19.β-Alanine metabolism,20.Histidine metabolism,21.Arginine and proline metabolism,22.Flavonoid biosynthesis,23.Folate biosynthesis,24.Arachidonic acid metabolism,25.Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism,26.Valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,27.Glycerophospholipid metabolism,28.Fatty acid metabolism,29.α-Linolenic acid metabolism,30.Fatty acid degradation.

图9 热胁迫下D3在α-亚麻酸代谢通路的DEGs、DAMs相关性网络

Fig.9 Correlation network of DEGs and DAMs in the α-Linolenic acid metabolism pathway of D3 under heat stress

图10 冷胁迫下D3、M10候选基因的相对表达量不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图11同。

Fig.10 Relative expression of D3 and M10 candidate genes under cold stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences(P<0.05).The same as Fig.11.

图11 热胁迫下候选基因的相对表达量

Fig.11 Relative expression of D3 and M10 candidate genes under heat stress

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