摘要： 为研究生物炭不同施用量对烟草根际土壤微生物多样性的影响。以烤烟品种云烟87根际土壤为研究对象，对不施用生物炭的对照处理，以及3个生物炭施用量递增处理的根际土壤ITS2区和16S rDNA-V4区进行高通量测序，对下机数据进行生物信息学分析，得到了各处理根际土壤微生物的OTU丰度、分布、α多样性、群落种类组成及丰度信息，并对群落组成及丰度分别进行了PCA聚类分析及UPGMA聚类分析。结果表明，在50~150 g/棵的施用范围内，增加生物炭的施用量提高了根际土壤细菌种类的多样性和分布的均匀程度，真菌则相反；施用生物炭50，100，150 g/棵处理后，变形菌门细菌的丰度相比不施用生物炭的对照稍有降低，分别降低了4.1%，2.7%，0.7%；酸杆菌门细菌的丰度相比对照分别增加了10.4%，8.1%，7.7%，蓝菌门细菌的丰度相比对照分别降低了11.4%，11.4%，11.2%，放线菌门细菌的丰度均低于对照，各处理间的芽单胞菌门细菌丰度差异甚微。施用生物炭50 g/棵处理后，接合菌门真菌丰度比对照（50.92%）下降了12.38%，之后随着生物炭施用量的提高，接合菌门真菌丰度逐渐上升至53.68%；与之相反，施用生物炭50 g/棵处理后，子囊菌门真菌丰度比对照（30.63%）升高了10.15%，之后随着生物炭施用量的提高，子囊菌门真菌丰度逐渐下降至29.11%；施用生物炭50 g/棵处理后，担子菌门和壶菌门真菌丰度基本不变，之后随着生物炭施用量的提高，担子菌门真菌丰度呈现出先上升后降低的趋势；各处理对球囊菌门真菌丰度影响不大。研究生物炭对烟草根际微生态的影响方式以及作用规律，可为生物炭在烟田的应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 生物炭, 烟草, 根际土壤, 微生物, 多样性

Abstract: In order to study the influence of different application amounts of charcoal on the microbial diversity in tobacco rhizosphere soil, with the rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as the research object, we compared the situation by applying different amounts of charcoal, and conducted high-throughput sequencing of rhizosphere soil ITS2 region and 16S rDNA-V4 region with progressive treatment with 3 application amounts of charcoal; through bioinformatics analysis of data, we obtained the OTU abundance, distribution,α diversity, community species composition and abundance information of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil when different treatment methods were used, and conducted PCA clustering analysis and UPGMA clustering analysis of the community composition and abundance. The results showed that within the application scope of 50-150 g/tree, by increasing the application amounts of charcoal, it could increase the variety diversity and distribution uniformity of bacteria in rhizosphere soil, while it would reduce the variety diversity and distribution uniformity of fungus; compared to the control group where no charcoal was applied, after applying the charcoal with the amounts of 50, 100,150 g/tree, the abundances of Proteobacteria bacteria had declined by 4.1%, 2.7% and 0.7% respectively; the abundances of Acidobacteria bacteria increased by 10.4%, 8.1% and 7.7% respectively; the abundances of Actinobacteria bacteria were all lower than the abundance of control group; the difference in abundance of Gemmatimonadetes bacteria between various groups was very small. After applying the charcoal with the amount of 50 g/tree, the abundance of Zygomycota fungus had declined by 12.38% compared to the control group(50.92%), and then, with the increased of the application amount of charcoal, the abundance of Zygomycota fungus gradually increased to 53.68%; on the contrary, after applying the charcoal with the amount of 50 g/tree, the abundance of Ascomycota fungus had increased by 10.15% compared to the control group(30.63%), and then, with the increased of the application amount of charcoal, the abundance of Ascomycota fungus gradually declined to 29.11%; after applying the charcoal with the amount of 50 g/tree, the abundances of Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota funguses almost had no change, and then, with the increased of the application amount of charcoal, the abundances of Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota funguses presented the trend of increased first, and then declined; various treatment methods did not have significant influence on the abundance of Glomeromycota fungus. By studying the influencing method and action rules of charcoal application on the micro-ecology of tobacco rhizosphere, it can provide theoretical basis to the application of charcoal in tobacco field.

Key words: Biochars, Tobacco, Rhizosphere soil, Microbial, Diversity

中图分类号: 

• Q939.96