连续干旱复水对不同基因型玉米苗期根冠补偿能力的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751177

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究调亏灌溉诱导作物补偿效应的机制，采用桶栽试验，以玉米杂交1代（F₁）及其父母本为试验材料，分别设置充分供水和连续3次干旱复水2个处理，研究连续干旱复水对夏玉米苗期根冠关系及根冠补偿能力的影响。结果表明：连续干旱复水显著抑制了父本总生物量的积累，与正常供水（对照）相比降低19.9%，但对F₁和母本总生物量积累无显著影响；初次与第2次干旱复水后母本地上部干物质积累大于地下部，第3次干旱复水后干物质向地下部分配的比例增加；3次干旱复水父本均表现为地下部干物质积累大于地上部；3次干旱复水后父、母本根冠比较对照分别提高33.2%，5.8%，F₁在3次干旱复水过程中根冠比均低于对照，第3次干旱复水后根冠比较对照降低7.3%。3次干旱复水后，F₁冠层生长补偿能力显著增加，根系生长补偿无显著变化，两亲本冠层与根系生长补偿能力同步显著降低。可见，对玉米杂交种而言，苗期进行连续多次干旱复水锻炼能促进其地上生长补偿，大田栽培中可利用此原理提高苗期夏玉米干物质积累，增强抗旱能力并提高水分利用效率。

关键词: 玉米, 连续干旱复水, 基因型, 根冠补偿

Abstract: A pot experiment has been conducted to explore the compensation effect on dry matter accumulation induced by successive drought and re-watering. The hybrid maize and its parents were used with two treatments, which was sufficient water supply as CK, and successive drought and re-watering with three times (DR) as T. The results showed that successive drought and re-watering significantly decreased total dry matter accumulation of male parent for 19.9%, while it was not differed in hybrid and female parent when compared with CK. Dry matter accumulation of female parent was higher in aboveground than in belowground in initial two times of DR, while proportion of dry matter distribution in belowground after three times DR increased, and the dry matter accumulation of male parent showed that belowground was higher than above ground in three times DR, which resulted in higher root/shoot ratio than CK for 33.2% and 5.8% in female and male parent respectively. The root/shoot ratio of hybrid maize in each time of DR was lower than CK, which leaded to lower root/shoot ratio by 7.3% compared to CK. The compensation of shoot growth in hybrid maize increased after three times of drought and re-watering, while it was not showed in root growth. The growth compensation of the two parents were significantly decreased both in shoot and root. The results revealed that compensation effect was more obvious in shoot dry matter accumulation of hybrid maize. This could be used in maize cultivation to improve hybrid maize drought resistance by successive drought and re-watering during seedling stage, by which to increase dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency in seedling of hybrid maize.

Key words: Maize, Successive drought and re-watering, Genotype, Compensation of root and shoot

中图分类号:

S513.01
S152

韩静丽, 关小康, 崔静宇, 丁超明, 杨明达, 刘影, 王怀苹, 李玉华, 王同朝. 连续干旱复水对不同基因型玉米苗期根冠补偿能力的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(1): 140-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751177.

HAN Jingli, GUAN Xiaokang, CUI Jingyu, DING Chaoming, YANG Mingda, LIU Ying, WANG Huaiping, LI Yuhua, WANG Tongchao. Effects of Successive Drought and Re-Watering on Compensation Ability of Root and Shoot of Different Genotype Maize in Seedling Stage[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(1): 140-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751177.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I1/140

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