摘要： 为确定河北辛集井渠结合灌区小麦适宜的灌溉畦长，2014-2015年和2015-2016年分别设3个畦长（15，45，80 m）和4个畦长（15，30，45，60 m），研究了畦长对小麦灌水均匀度、土壤硝态氮垂直分布、小麦耗水特性和产量的影响。结果表明，畦宽8.3 m时，30~45 m灌溉畦长可实现高产，15~45 m畦长可得到较高的WUE。小麦耗水量、灌水量和灌水量占总耗水量的比例均随畦长的增加而增加，而土壤耗水量趋势与之相反，说明短畦的节水效果较好，对土壤贮水利用率更高。土壤含水量变异系数和干物重变异系数均随畦长的增加而变大，长畦（60 m）处理灌溉不均使最终产量和水分利用效率均较低。随畦长增加40~200 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量也呈增加趋势，当畦长超过45 m，土壤硝态氮含量增幅明显。因此，畦长30~45 m可同时实现高产和高水分利用效率，灌水均匀度较高，土壤硝态氮含量较低，可为该区推荐的畦田长度。

关键词: 畦长, 小麦, 产量, 耗水特性

Abstract: In order to determine suitable border lengths for irrigation in well and canal combined irrigation area in Hebei Xinji,in the wheat growth seasons of 2014-2015 three border lengths of 15,45,and 80 m,and 2015-2016 four border lengths of 15,30,45,and 60 m were installed in field to study the effects of different border lengths for irrigation on irrigation uniformity,spatial distribution of nitrate nitrogen in soil,the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat.The results showed that high yield was obtained when border length from 30 m to 45 m,while high water use efficiency(WUE) was obtained when border length from 15 m to 45 m under border wide 8.3 m.Wheat water consumption amount,irrigation amount and the proportion of irrigation amount to total water consumption amount were increased with the increased of the border length,while change trend of soil water consumption was contrary,these showed water saving effect was better,and utilization rate of soil water storage was higher for short border.With border length increased,the variation coefficient of soil moisture content and dry matter weight were also increased,these resulted in lower yields and lower water use efficiency of long border (60 m) treatments.With border length increased,soil nitrate nitrogen content of 40-200 cm also increased,when the border length more than 45 m,soil nitrate content was significantly increased.Therefore,high yield and water use efficiency could be achieved when border length 30-45 m,and irrigation uniformity was high,and soil nitrate content was low under this border length condition,so it could be recommended as the better border length of Hebei area.

Key words: Field border length, Wheat, Yield, Water consumption characteristics

中图分类号: 

• S152.7

• S512.01