摘要： 为探明杂交水稻株高和每穗颖花数的遗传规律，以2个大穗高秆籼稻恢复系WHR2和DSBao、1个矮秆籼稻恢复系矮93为试验材料，配制2个杂交组合WHR2×矮93、DSBao×矮93，由此产生的P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂ 6个世代群体，运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型，对株高和每穗颖花数2个性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明，株高和每穗颖花数性状的遗传模型均符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型。根据遗传模型，对模型中成分分布进行拟合，真实地再现性状的次数分布规律。同时发现，2个性状的遗传均以加性效应为主。植株高对植株矮呈部分显性，在杂种优势利用中可以提高杂种的生物产量，增强杂种抗倒性。每穗颖花数的少对多呈部分显性，不利于大穗的形成，影响产量优势的发挥。因此，为了合理利用矮93亲本的株高较矮特性，选用遗传距离较远、丰产性高的恢复系或不育系杂交，打破每穗颖花数不利基因的连锁，选育高产杂交水稻新组合。

关键词: 水稻, 株高, 每穗颖花数, 遗传

Abstract: The inheritances of plant height and spikelets per panicle were studied in hybrid Indica.Their genetic analysis were discussed based on the major gene-polygene mixed inheritance model with P₁,P₂,F₁,B₁,B₂,F₂ six generation derived from two crosses of WHR2×Ai 93 and DSBao×Ai 93.The results showed that the inheritances of plant height and spikelets per panicle were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygene with additive-dominant effects.According to the genetic models,the components distribution was fitted,and the distributions of the characters were truly revealed.For two traits,additive effects were principal.The plant height was partly dominant to the dawf,and the heterosis could improve the biological yield of hybrid and increase the lodging resistance of hybrid.The less number of spikelets per panicle was partially dominant to the more,which was not conducive to the formation of big panicles and affected the yield advantage.Therefore,in order to make rational use of plant height characteristics in the restorer Ai 93,it was bred with high yield restorer or sterile lines of more spikelets per panicle with genetic distance to break the unfavorable gene linkage,which cultivated breeding of new hybrid rice combination with high yield.

Key words: Oryza sativa L., Plant height, Spikelets per panicle, Inheritance

中图分类号: 

• S511.03