摘要： 为探讨限水条件下冬小麦高产或稳产的种植模式，于2015-2016年研究了不同种植模式和灌溉方式相结合对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率、耗水特性、表层土壤水分含量、株高、最大叶面积指数和群体变化的影响。试验设秸秆覆盖，微喷灌（T1）；全膜覆土穴播，微喷灌（T2）；全膜覆土穴播，滴灌（T3）；全膜覆土穴播，不灌水，肥料一次性施入（T4）；免耕宽幅沟播，微喷灌（T5）；微喷灌对照（T6）；畦灌对照（T7）；常规种植，不灌水，肥料一次性施入（T8）；空白对照，不灌水，不施肥（不种小麦，T9）共9个处理。结果表明，T2处理籽粒产量最高，其次为T3处理，二者较T6处理分别增加5.0%和3.3%。千粒质量和穗粒数高是其产量高的主要原因，T2、T3处理千粒质量较T6处理分别增加6.3%和7.2%，较T7处理分别增加13.1%和14.1%；T2、T3处理穗粒数较T6处理分别增加11.5%和10.2%，较T7处理分别增加7.3%和6.0%，差异均显著。T1、T5处理总耗水量较T6处理分别减少17.3%和16.1%，土壤水消耗量较T6处理分别减少32.0%和29.8%，差异均显著。小麦生育前期免耕沟播种植模式显著增加耕层（0~20 cm）土壤含水量，全膜覆土穴播模式显著增加21~60 cm土层土壤含水量。在本年度气候条件下，秸秆覆盖种植模式有减产趋势，而全膜覆土穴播种植模式有增产趋势。

关键词: 冬小麦, 种植模式, 灌溉方式, 产量, 耗水特性

Abstract: In order to explore the suitable water-saving cropping pattern of winter wheat with high or stable yield,the effects of different cropping patterns and irrigation methods on yield,water use efficiency,water consumption characteristics,surface soil moisture content,plant height,the maximum leaf area index and population changes were studied in 2015-2016. The experiment was set with straw mulching,micro-sprinkler irrigation (T1); the whole film casing dibble seeding,micro-sprinkler irrigation (T2); the whole film casing dibble seeding,drip irrigation (T3); the whole film casing dibble seeding,no irrigation,full fertilizer application (T4); no-till wide furrow sowing,micro-sprinkler irrigation (T5); micro-sprinkler irrigation(T6); border irrigation (T7); conventional planting,no irrigation,full fertilizer application(T8) and blank control,no irrigation,no fertilizer (T9) total nine treatments. The results showed that the yield of T2 treatment was highest,followed by T3 treatment,the two treatments compared with T6 treatment increased by 5.0% and 3.3%,respectively. The main reason for the high yield was high 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike,the 1000-grain weight of T2,T3 treatment compared with T6 treatment increased by 6.3% and 7.2%,respectively,and compared with T7 treatment increased by 13.1% and 14.1%,respectively; the grain number of T2,T3 treatment compared with T6 treatment increased by 11.5% and 10.2%,respectively,compared with the T7 treatment increased by 7.3% and 6.0%,respectively,the difference all reached significant level. The total water consumption of T1 and T5 compared with T6 treatment was decreased by 17.3% and 16.1%,respectively,and the soil water consumption reduced by 32.0% and 29.8%,respectively,the difference all reached significant level.No-till wide furrow sowing pattern significantly increased in topsoil (0-20 cm) soil moisture,and the whole film casing dibble seeding pattern significantly increased 21-60 cm soil water content in early stage of wheat growth. In this year's climatic conditions,straw mulching planting pattern had cut yield trend,and the whole film casing dibble seeding pattern had increased yield trend.

Key words: Winter wheat, Cropping patterns, Irrigation method, Yield, Water consumption characteristics

中图分类号: 

• S512.01