摘要： 为了明确前茬冬小麦施氮和种植方式对后茬夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响，于2013-2015年华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区进行裂区试验。冬小麦施氮112.5 kg/hm²（N1）和225.0 kg/hm²（N2）为主处理，冬小麦等行距（U）改为夏玉米等行距（UR），20+40沟播（F）改为垄作（BP）的种植方式为副处理。结果表明，与UR和N1相比，BP和N2提高夏玉米叶面积指数（LAI）、叶绿素含量指数（CCI）、净光合速率（Pn）及干物质重（DM），且减缓LAI、CCI和Pn后期降低幅度。冬小麦季，与U相比，F种植方式增产3.1%、穗数提高6.9%、穗粒数提高2.4%。与N1相比，N2处理增产5.0%、穗数提高13.8%、穗粒数提高4.9%；夏玉米季，与UR比，夏玉米BP种植方式增产7.1%、穗粒数提高2.4%、收获指数提高5.9%。与N1相比，N2处理增产13.0%、穗粒数提高9.2%、收获指数提高11.9%。在华北冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区，冬小麦季施氮225.0 kg/hm²的条件下，氮肥后效明显，结合沟播冬小麦收获后在垄上直播夏玉米的种植方式是一种全程简化、高效、丰产的栽培措施，在华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区有很高的实践意义。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作, 氮肥后效, 光合特性, 叶绿素含量指数, 产量

Abstract: The study is to explore effect of planting pattern and residual nitrogen applied to winter wheat on photosynthesis characteristics and yield of following summer maize. The experiment was conducted in the North Plain Region of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in 2013-2015. Nitrogen applied at 112.5,225.0 kg/ha(N1,N2)in winter wheat,summer maize was seeded on ridge planting (BP) and uniform row (UR) after winter wheat was harvested in furrow planting (F) and uniform planting (U) without nitrogen. The results showed that compared with UR and N1,BP and N2 increased leaf area index (LAI),chlorophyll content index (CCI),photosynthetic rate (Pn) and dry matter accumulation of summer maize. BP delayed decrease of LAI,CCI and Pn during late growth stage. During growth seasons of winter wheat,compared with U,grain yield,ears and grains per ears in F planting pattern was increased by 3.1%,6.9% and 2.4%,respectively. Compared with N1,grain yield,ears and grains per ears in N2 increased by 5.0%,13.8% and 4.9%,respectively; During growth seasons of summer maize,compared with UR,grain yield,grains per ears and harvest index (HI) in BP planting pattern increased by 7.1%,2.4% and 5.9%,respectively. Compared with N1,grain yield,grains per ears and HI in N2 was increased by 13.0%,9.2% and 11.9%,respectively. Therefore,under the condition of 225.0 kg/ha nitrogen,the planting pattern,summer maize was seeded on ridge (BP) after winter wheat was harvested in F planting pattern,could be conducive to increase grain yield of both winter wheat and summer maize.

Key words: Winter wheat-summer maize rotation, Residual effect of nitrogen fertilizer, Photosynthesis characteristics, Chlorophyll content index, Grain yield

中图分类号: 

• S512.01