高粱生长及其土壤环境对不同培肥措施的响应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.02.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究不同施肥条件对高粱生长、土壤养分、土壤酶活性和微生物的影响，以高粱-玉米轮作体系的高粱作为研究对象进行田间定位试验。结果表明，不同施肥均可显著提高高粱拔节期的株高、茎粗、可见叶片数和叶面积指数，以及高粱产量与单穗粒重（P<0.05）；各处理产量大小排序为IF+M+S > IF+M > M+S > IF > CK，相较于对照，高粱各施肥处理的产量增幅为80.6%~120.7%，均达到显著水平，其中，处理IF+M+S表现最好；无机肥处理（IF）各养分指标均高于不施肥（CK），但增幅不显著；与无机肥处理相比，各有机肥处理（IF+M、IF+M+S、M+S）的土壤养分及有机质含量均有提高，其中IF+M+S处理的全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质分别是CK的1.95，10.36，2.01，1.83倍，差异达显著水平（P<0.05）。各施肥处理在各生育时期的土壤酶活性均高于不施肥处理（CK），其中有机无机肥与秸秆配施处理（IF+M+S）表现尤为明显，拔节期和收获期的碱性磷酸酶、收获期的脲酶以及各时期的蔗糖酶活性均显著高于无机肥处理（P<0.05）。通过有机肥或与无机肥配施的方式，均可提高土壤中微生物的群落功能多样性指数及其利用碳源的能力，而且包含有机肥＋秸秆的处理相比于其他有机肥处理，更利于提高土壤微生物多样性。

关键词: 施肥, 高粱, 产量, 土壤酶, 土壤微生物, 土壤养分

Abstract: In this research,a field orientation experiment on sorghum-maize rotation was conducted.The effects of different fertilization conditions on the growth,nutrient,soil enzyme activity and microbial activity of sorghum was studied.The experimental results showed that different fertilizer could significantly increase the jointing stage of sorghum plant height,stem diameter,number of pieces and index pages visible leaf area,as well as sorghum yield and grain weight per spike (P<0.05).Each processing production order of IF+M+S > IF+M > M+S > IF > CK,compared to the control,the range of yield increase of sorghum in different fertilization levels were 80.6%-120.7%,respectively,reaching a significant level,and among which IF+M+S treatment was the best.All values of inorganic fertilizer treatments were slightly higher than that of no fertilization treatment. The organic fertilizer treatment increased the soil nutrients and organic matter content of sorghum, compared with the inorganic fertilizer treatment. The total N, available P, available K, organic matter of IF+M+S treatment were 1.95, 10.36, 2.01, 1.83 times of CK, respectively (P<0.05). Soil enzyme activity of fertilization treatments in different growth periods was higher than no fertilization (CK),in which the most was the treatment of IF+M+S,activity of alkaline phosphatase in jointing stage and harvest stage,urease in harvest stage,invertase in jointing stage,flowering stage and harvest stage were all significantly higher than that of inorganic fertilizer treatment (P<0.05).The application of organic fertilizer or application combined with inorganic fertilizer could improve the soil microbial community functional diversity and the capability of utilizing carbon sources.And the treatments containing organic fertilizer and straw manure were more conducive to improve soil microbial diversity than other organic fertilizer treatments.

Key words: Fertilization, Sorghum, Yield, Soil enzyme, Soil microbes, Soil nutrient

中图分类号:

S514
S143

董二伟, 王成, 丁玉川, 王劲松, 武爱莲, 王立革, 焦晓燕. 高粱生长及其土壤环境对不同培肥措施的响应[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(2): 217-225. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.02.032.

DONG Erwei, WANG Cheng, DING Yuchuan, WANG Jinsong, WU Ailian, WANG Lige, JIAO Xiaoyan. Response of Different Fertilizing on Growth and Soil Environment of Sorghum[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(2): 217-225. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.02.032.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/I2/217

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