摘要： 为了研究玉米不同生育期叶片酶活性在不同施氮水平的差异及其与产量间的关系，阐述酶活性的变化特性，探讨玉米高产节肥的适宜施氮量。选用天津市主推玉米品种中单509，设置5个施氮水平，测定不同生育期叶片的硝酸还原酶（NR）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及玉米产量。2年试验回归分析结果表明，随着施氮量的增加，玉米产量先升高后下降，呈单峰曲线变化，理论施氮量达到137.01 kg/hm²时，产量达到最大值。玉米叶片中NR、SOD、POD和CAT活性也是随着施氮量的增加呈单峰曲线变化，施纯氮量为180.00 kg/hm²时，玉米在拔节期叶片NR活性、开花期叶片SOD活性和CAT活性达到最大；纯氮施用量135.00 kg/hm²时，大喇叭口期叶片POD活性达到最大。不同施氮量处理对玉米叶片的酶活性及产量有一定的影响，增施适量的氮肥有利于玉米叶片的氮代谢和产量的提高。

关键词: 玉米, 氮肥, 酶活性, 叶, 产量

Abstract: For expounding enzyme efficiency of leaves and yield traits associated with nitrogenous fertilizers supplement and optimization of nitrogenous fertilizers suitable amount for high efficient maize production and clarifying the variation of various enzymes,we monitored the changes of spring maize Zhongdan 509 leaves in each growth stage using five levels of nitrogenous fertilizers sets. Our results showed that the yield possessed a close relationship with the increasing use of nitrogen, and showed a unimodal pattern in pace with nitrogenous fertilizers and reached the maximum value at the level of 137.01 kg/ha. All the catalytic efficiency of NR, SOD, POD and CAT possessed a unimodal pattern along with the supplement of nitrogenous. Under the condition of nitrogen application at the level of 180.00 kg/ha, the maximum catalytic efficiency of leaves could be obtained for NR in the jointing stage and for SOD and CAT during the flowering stage, respectively. The catalytic efficiency of POD could reach onto the maximum in the big trumpet period at the level of 135.00 kg/ha for nitrogenous fertilizers specially.Nitrogenous supplement possessed significant effect to yield and leaves enzyme efficiency, and suitable increased nitrogenous supplement would be a best suggestion for enhancing nitrogen metabolism and yield.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen fertilizer, Enzyme activity, Leaves, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S147