摘要： 为探讨河西地区沟灌条件下南瓜需水规律与产量效应，于2014，2015年以甜栗南瓜为试材，研究不同灌水频率和灌水量对南瓜耗水特征、产量、水分利用效率及其果实形态指标的影响。试验设置5个处理，分别为苗期灌水45 mm （T1），苗期灌水45 mm+伸蔓期灌水30 mm （T2），苗期灌水45 mm+伸蔓期灌水45 mm （T3），苗期灌水45 mm+伸蔓期灌水45 mm+开花坐果期灌水30 mm （T4），苗期灌水45 mm+伸蔓期灌水45 mm+开花坐果期灌水45 mm （CK）。结果表明，随着灌水量的增加，果径大小逐渐增加，而不同灌水频率对南瓜瓜形指数无显著影响。南瓜全生育期耗水量随着灌水频率和灌水量的增加而增加，各处理不同生育期阶段耗水量从大到小依次表现为：开花坐果期 >伸蔓期 >苗期 >发芽期，日耗水强度大小依次表现为：伸蔓期>开花坐果期>苗期>发芽期。2个试验年度中，T2（2014年）和T4（2015年）处理水分利用效率分别最大，较T1和CK处理分别显著增加了14.80%，19.71%（2014年）和25.59%，1.89%（2015年）。T2、T3、T4和CK处理的产量分别较T1处理显著增加了24.59%，29.75%，23.07%，21.20%（2014年）和39.81%，55.22%，71.85%，74.93%（2015年）。通过回归分析，表明在河西绿洲灌溉条件下南瓜产量、水分利用效率与耗水量均呈二次抛物线关系。因此，南瓜伸蔓期和开花坐果期为南瓜需水关键期，在该生育期内适度灌水可显著提高南瓜产量和水分利用效率。

关键词: 南瓜, 灌水量, 灌水频率, 耗水特征, 产量

Abstract: In order to discuss the effect of water demand regulation and yield of pumpkin under different irrigation frequency and irrigation amounts,field experiments using the cultivar of pumkin Tianli as the experimental materials,were conducted to elucidate the effects of irrigation amount and stage on the water requirements characteristics,yield,water use efficiency and fruit appearance of this crop,respectively,in 2014 and 2015.The experiment had five treatments:45 mm irrigation water was applied at seedling stage(represented as T1),45 mm at seedling stage and 30 mm at tendril extending stage (T2),45 mm at seedling stage and 45 mm at tendril extending stage (T3),45 mm at seedling stage,45 mm at tendril extending stage and 30 mm at flowering and fruit setting stage (T4),45 mm,45 mm and 45 mm at seedling stage,tendril extending stage and flowering and fruit setting stage,respectively (CK).The result showed that the fruit diameter size gradually increased with the increased of irrigation amount,the fruit diameter and longitudinal diameter of other treatments were significantly(P<0.05) increased than T1,however,different irrigation frequency had no significant effect on shape index of pumpkin.The water consumption increasing with the increased irrigation frequency and irrigation amount of pumpkin growth period,and different irrigation frequency and irrigation amount had a little effects on water consumption regularity.The water consumption of pumpkin appeared the same laws as follows:First,the flowering and fruit setting stage.Second,tendril extending stage.Third,seedling stage,Forth,sowing stage,and the water consumption rate showed that:First,tendril extending stage.Second,the flowering and fruit setting stage.Third,seedling stage.Forth,sowing stage.The largest water use efficiency were T2 (2014) and T4 (2015) and they were significantly higher than T1 and CK by 14.80%,19.71% (2014) and 25.59%,1.89% (2015),respectively.The yield of T1 was significantly lower than other treatments,which were higher than T1 by 24.59%,29.75%,23.07%,21.20%(2014)and 39.81%,55.22%,71.85%,74.93% (2015),respectively.It was indicated that the critical period of pumpkin water demand was the tendril extending stage and flowering and fruit setting stage,irrigation in the two periods could significantly improve the yield of pumpkin.It would affect the yield and water use efficiency with too much or too less irrigation water.However,irrigation frequency and irrigation amount had little effect on the fruit shape index.Yield and water use efficiency showed a parabola with the change of water consumption in Hexi oasis of irrigation pumpkin.

Key words: Pumpkin, Irrigation amount, Irrigation frequency, Water consumption characteristics, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S274.1