摘要： 为研究北方粳稻穗重指数及其与产量品质的关系,以东北地区近年来育成的水稻品种(品系)为试材,分别在辽宁、吉林和黑龙江进行比较试验,提出用穗重指数(PWI,单穗重与每穴穗数之比)反映穗数与穗(穗粒数和千粒质量)的关系。结果表明,试材平均穗重指数0.155 g/穗,99%置信区间为[0.109,0.200],据此将参试材料划分为穗重型、中间型和穗数型。穗重指数与产量、穗粒数及决定穗粒数的穗部性状(一二次枝梗数、二次枝梗粒率)、穗颈及倒2节间大小维管束数、株高、叶面积指数、上部三叶长宽呈显著或极显著正相关,与单位面积穗数和剑叶基角显著或极显著负相关,穗重型品种产量显著高于穗数型品种。穗重指数与加工品质、营养品质、食味及相关指标显著负相关,与外观品质无明显关系,穗数型品种品质明显优于穗重型品种。穗重指数是综合反映穗数与穗大的明显指标。在稳定单穗重的基础上,适当降低穗重指数,可能是进一步提高产量、改善品质的有效途径。

关键词: 北方粳稻, 穗重指数, 产量, 品质

Abstract: One hundred and sixty-three rice cultivars and lines were used to study the differences of panicle weight index among varieties and its relationship with yield and quality of japonica rice in Shenyang,Gongzhuling,and Wuchang.It was put forward that using panicle weight index (PWI,the ratio of weight per panicle to panicles per hill) to show the relationship of panicle number and panicle type.The results indicated that the average PWI of these materials was 0.155 g/panicle and its 99% confidence limit distributed between 0.109 and 0.200.These materials were classified into heavy panicle type (HPT) and equation panicle type (EPT) or multiple panicle type (MPT).PWI was significantly or very significantly and positively correlated with yield,grains per panicle,primary branch,secondary branches,primary branch grain rate,secondary branch grain rate,large vascular bundles in neck,small vascular bundles in neck,large vascular bundles in the second internode and small vascular bundles in the second internode,plant height,LAI and length and width of the top three leaves,but significantly or highly significantly and negatively correlated with panicles per unit area and basic angle of the flag leaf(BAF),and yield of heavy panicle type was much higher than it of multiple panicle type (MPT).PWI was very negatively correlated with processing quality,nutritional quality,taste value and related indexes,no significant relationship with appearance quality,and quality of multiple panicle type (MPT) was superior to it of heavy panicle type (HPT).PWI is a good index to describe the relationship between panicle number and panicle type.On the basis of stabilizing weight per panicle,appropriate reduction of PWI might be an effective way to improve yield and quality.

Key words: Japonica rice in Northern China, Panicle weight index, Yield, Quality

中图分类号: 

• S511.01