摘要： 为给华北旱作区小麦确定合理的追肥深度提供科学依据,以冬小麦济麦22为材料,在大田条件下研究了春季拔节期开沟施肥(0,5,10,15 cm)对旱地小麦花后旗叶衰老特性及产量的影响.结果表明,在整个生育期,各处理的小麦旗叶中POD活性、SOD活性都表现为W2 >W1 >W3 >W0,MDA含量表现为W0 >W3 >W1 >W2,可溶性蛋白含量则表现为W0一直低于其他处理,W2始终高于其他处理.说明肥料深施能够提高小麦旗叶中的POD和SOD活性、增加可溶性蛋白含量,抑制MDA的产生,从而延缓了叶片衰老.各处理小麦的产量表现为W2 >W1>W3 >W0,W1、W2、W3比W0每公顷产量分别提高了8.5%,14.0%,4.2%,W2与W0产量差异显著.可见,肥料深施有助于小麦产量的提高,增产效果最明显的追肥深度是10 cm.

关键词: 追肥深度, 旱地小麦, 旗叶, 衰老特性, 产量

Abstract: To provide a scientific basis for setting the proper fertilizer application depth of wheat in dry-land farming area of North China Plain,with winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as test materials,the experiment under the field condition was carried out on the effects of different fertilizer application depth (0,5,10,15 cm) by furrowing during spring jointing stage on senescence characteristics of flag leaf after anthesis and yield of dry-land wheat.The results showed that in the whole growth stage,POD and SOD activity in wheat flag leaves of each treatment were shown as W2 >W1> W3> W0,and MDA content was expressed as W0> W3> W1> W2,while soluble protein content was shown as W0 treatment lower than other treatments and W2 higher than other treatments during the whole growth stage after anthesis.This indicated that fertilizer deep application could improve POD and SOD activity,increase soluble protein content and inhibit MDA yielding of wheat flag leaves,thus delaying leaf senescence.Wheat yield of each treatment was shown as W2> W1> W3> W0,and the yield of W1,W2 and W3 were increased by 8.5%,14.0%,4.2%,respectively.Meanwhile,the yield between the W2 and W0 treatment showed the significant difference.It is perceived that the proper depth of fertilizer application was helpful to improve the yield of dry-land winter wheat,and the highest increasing yield among the treatments is the 10 cm depth of fertilizer application during jointing stage.

Key words: Fertilizer application depth, Dry-land wheat, Flag leaf, Senescence characteristics, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S512.01