摘要： 为了研究玉米茎叶夹角与根系入土角度的关系,于2013-2014年在河北农业大学试验站进行了研究工作.采用我国1950年以来6个主要推广品种为试材(1950年的白鹤、 1967年的吉单101、1972年的中单2号、1998年的掖单13、2000年郑单958和2004年先玉335),采用测渗仪培养方法系统研究了在充足灌水条件下不同品种玉米的叶面积发育动态、果穗性状及产量情况,在收获期测定了各品种的不同根层的根系入土角度.研究认为,随着品种的不断更替,玉米的叶面积变化不大,但玉米籽粒产量不断提高,单株产量由1950年品种白鹤的82.5 g升高到2004年先玉335的149.4 g;叶片与主茎的平均夹角逐渐缩小,由最大的平均叶片夹角45°降为26°不同根层根系的平均下扎角度也逐渐减小,由最大的根系平均入土角度56°降为33.8°.植株的茎叶夹角与根系的入土角度间呈高度的正相关.玉米地上地下构型的改变有利于提高大田玉米种植密度,并增加根系对深层土壤水分和养分的吸收.对指导玉米育种和节水高产栽培实践有重要意义.

关键词: 玉米, 叶片倾角, 根系角度, 不同年代品种, 产量

Abstract: In order to study the relationship between maize leaf angle and root penetration angle,an experiment was conducted at the experimental station of Agricultural University of Hebei during 2013-2014.Six mainly popularized maize varieties since 1950 were used,(i.e Baihe of 1950,Jidan 101 of 1967,Zhongdan 2 of 1972,Yedan 13 of 1998,Zhengdan 958 of 2000,Xianyu 335 of 2004).The growth and development of maize leaf areas,ear characters and grain yield of the varieties of different eras were studied by lysimeter method under enough water irrigation conditions.The root penetration angles of different root layers of different varieties were measured at harvest time.The results showed that,the yield of maize increased continuously with the changes of variety,grain yield per plant increased from 82.5 g of Baihe to 149.4 g of Xianyu 335 while the changes of leaf areas were not significant;leaf angle was reduced gradually from 45° to 26°the average root penetration angle was also reduced gradually from 56.0° to 33.8°.There was a significant positive correlation between plant leaf angle and root penetration angle.The changes of maize configurations both above and under ground were benefit to increase maize plant density,and increase the absorption of soil moisture and nutrient from deep soil layers.The results of this study have important significance to guide the water saving and high yield maize breeding and cultivation practices.

Key words: Maize, Leaf angle, Root angle, Varieties of different eras, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S513.01