37个玉米品种耐低氮能力潜势分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.058

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确37个玉米品种耐低氮潜势,于2013年通过大田试验研究了施氮量对玉米品种植株性状、产量及其组成性状的影响。结果表明:施氮量对玉米的穗上叶叶面积、穗下叶叶面积、穗位叶叶面积、叶绿素含量、有效功能叶片数、散粉至吐丝间隔期(ASI)、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、行粒数、百粒质量和籽粒产量影响显著或极显著,对株高、穗位高和穗行数影响不显著;不同施氮水平下37个品种各性状的变异系数除穗下叶叶面积ASI和秃尖长外,其余性状均为45 kg/hm²施氮量的变异系数最大,该施氮量可能是玉米品种耐低氮鉴定的适宜施氮量。低氮胁迫对玉米各性状具有不利影响。低氮胁迫下玉米籽粒产量与穗位叶叶绿素含量、有效功能叶片数、穗长、穗粗、行粒数显著或极显著正相关,可作为耐低氮性筛选指标。不同玉米品种耐低氮能力存在基因型差异,采用模糊数学隶属函数分析方法筛选出三峡玉3号、三峡玉5号、三峡玉9号、忠玉9号、先玉508、M8(XZ071-4×渝561)、M15(11Y2×08HC-7)、BH1421(281H×S99)共8个高产耐低氮玉米品种。

关键词: 玉米品种, 产量, 隶属值, 耐低氮能力

Abstract: In order to clarify the low nitrogen-tolerance potential of 37 maize varieties,field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen application on the plant traits,yield and yield component traits in 2013.The effects of low nitrogen stress on the maize traits were determined at growth stage.The results showed that different nitrogen supply levels significant or highly significant effect the first leave above ear leaf area,first leave below ear leaf area,ear leaf area,chlorophyll content,effective function leaves,ASI,ear length,ear diameter,barren tip length,kernel numbers per row,100-grain weight,grain yield maize traits,and no significant effect for the plant height,ear height and ear rows.Nitrogen supply level of 45 kg/ha had the highest coefficient of variation(CV) for maize traits,except for the first leave below ear leaf area,the ASI and barren tip length,which was found to be the proper nitrogen level for screening nitrogen-tolerance cultivars.Low nitrogen stress negatively influences traits development of maize.The maize yield was significantly or highly significantly positively associated with chlorophyll content,effective function leaves,ear length,ear diameter and kernel numbers per row.Therefore maize yield,chlorophyll content,effective function leaves,ear length,ear diameter and kernel numbers per row were recommended as screening indices for low nitrogen-tolerance cultivars.Different cultivars responded differently to low nitrogen stress.Thus using the fuzzy mathematics method of membership function,Sanxiayu No.3,Sanxiayu No.5,Sanxiayu No.9,Zhongyu No.9,Xianyu 508,M8 (XZ071-4×Yu 561),M15 (11Y2×08HC-7),BH1421 (281H×S99) were determined as the maize varieties with higher to low nitrogen-tolerance and yield.

Key words: Maize varieties, Yield, Membership value, Low nitrogen-tolerance potential

中图分类号:

S143.1

冯云超, 余志江, 霍仕平, 张兴端, 张健, 晏庆九, 向振凡, 张芳魁. 37个玉米品种耐低氮能力潜势分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2014, 29(S1): 310-317. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.058.

FENG Yun-chao, YU Zhi-jiang, HUO Shi-ping, ZHANG Xing-duan, ZHANG Jian, YAN Qing-jiu, XIANG Zhen-fan, ZHANG Fang-kui. Analyse for Low Nitrogen-tolerance Potential of 37 Maize Varieties[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2014, 29(S1): 310-317. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2014.S1.058.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2014/V29/IS1/310

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