深耕和施用有机肥对麦田土壤微环境的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2014.04.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨深耕和施用有机肥对土壤的培肥效应，在5年田间定位试验基础上，研究了深耕（DCK）、深耕+有机肥（DOF）、浅耕（SCK）、浅耕+有机肥（SOF）4个处理对土壤微生物数量、酶活性、含水量、养分含量的影响。结果表明，在不施有机肥条件下，深耕处理0～40 cm土层真菌、放线菌数量均显著高于浅耕，但细菌数量仅在20～40 cm土层显著高于浅耕。增施有机肥能显著增加微生物数量，在0～20 cm土层，DOF处理细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别比DCK增加了180.6%，53.6%，19.8%，SOF处理分别比SCK处理增加了8.0%，14.2%，36.9%。与浅耕相比，深耕可显著提高土壤脲酶活性和土壤含水量。在深耕条件下，施用有机肥可显著提高脲酶活性和土壤含水量，在0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层，DOF处理脲酶活性分别比DCK处理提高11.9%和54.3%，DOF处理含水量分别比DCK处理提高了4.67%和4.49%。深耕有助于提高20～40 cm土层土壤全氮、全磷含量，而浅耕有助于提高0～20 cm土层土壤全氮、全磷含量。施用有机肥可提高表层土壤全氮、全磷含量，在0～20 cm土层，SOF处理全氮、全磷含量比SCK处理增加了36.24%，5.54%，DOF处理比DCK处理增加了8.98%，37.72%。可见，深耕+有机肥对改善土壤微环境、提高土壤肥力具有显著效果。

关键词: 耕作, 有机肥, 土壤, 微生物, 酶活, 养分

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage and fertilization measures on the microbial quantity,enzyme activity,moisture and nutrients of soil.Four tillage and fertilization treatments were selected:deep tillage(DCK),deep tillage+organic fertilizer(DOF),shallow tillage(SCK),and shallow tillage+organic fertilizer(SOF).The results of 5-year field experiments showed that,without the application of organic fertilizer,the number of fungi and actinomycetes in 0-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher in DCK than in SCK(P<0.05),while the number of bacteria in DCK was significantly higher only in 20-40 cm soil layer than that of SCK.Organic fertilizer could significantly increase the number of microorganisms(P<0.05).In 0-20 cm soil layer,the numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in DOF treatment increased by 180.6%,53.6% and 19.8%,respectively,compared to DCK,while in SOF treatment increased by 8%,14.2% and 36.9%,respectively,compared to SCK.Deep tillage could increase the soil urease activity and soil water content compared with shallow tillage(P<0.05).Application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the urease activity and soil water content under deep tillage condition.In 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer,the urease activity of DOF treatment increased by 11.9% and 54.3%,respectively,and the soil water content of DOF increased by 4.67% and 4.49%,respectively,compared with DCK.Deep tillage helped to increase the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 20-40 cm soil layer,while shallow tillage helped to increase the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer.Application of organic fertilizer could increase the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer.The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in SOF treatment increased by 36.24% and 5.54%,respectively,and the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in DOF treatment increased by 8.98% and 37.72%,respectively,compared to DCK.It was clear that deep tillage+organic fertilizer could significantly improve the soil micro-environment and soil fertility.

Key words: Tillage, Organic fertilizer, Soil, Microbes, Enzyme activity, Nutrient

中图分类号:

S158

马守臣, 张紧紧, 冯荣成, 邵云, 胡永娟, 马守田, 王文斐. 深耕和施用有机肥对麦田土壤微环境的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2014, 29(4): 192-197. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2014.04.034.

MA Shou-chen, ZHANG Jin-jin, FENG Rong-cheng, SHAO Yun, HU Yong-juan, MA Shou-tian, WANG Wen-fei. Effects of Deep Tillage and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Micro-environment of Wheat Field[J]. journal1, 2014, 29(4): 192-197. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2014.04.034.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2014/V29/I4/192

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