摘要： 为了探明栗褐土上长期施肥对玉米籽粒中植物必需营养元素含量的影响,在长期定位施肥试验的第25年,研究了不同施肥处理玉米籽粒中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo的含量。结果表明:长期施用不同肥料不同程度地提高了玉米籽粒氮、铁、锰、硼的含量,其中,氮的提高幅度为20.5%～48.6%,以处理M₁NP、NP、M₂N效果更明显。铁的增幅为4.92%～40.5%,随施用肥料种类和数量的增加而增加,锰的增幅为3.53%～10.2%,硼为0.41%～25.3%,以M₁NP处理的效果更明显。磷肥和有机肥及有机无机配施可有效提高玉米籽粒磷和钾含量,磷以M₁、M₁N处理的效果更明显,较对照增加78.4%,82.4%,钾以M₁处理的效果更明显,较对照增加62.1%。有机肥还可有效提高玉米籽粒镁含量,与化肥配施效果更佳,较对照提高幅度为5.52%～20.9%。长期施用氮肥、磷肥和有机肥对玉米籽粒Ca、Zn、Cu、Mo的含量无明显影响。

关键词: 长期施肥, 玉米, 籽粒, 营养元素

Abstract: To ascertain the effects of long-term fertilization on the content of plant essential element in maize grain on the cinnamon soil, at the 25 th year of the long-term fertilization experiment, the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo in maize grain under different treatments was studied . The results showed that the cont- ens of N, Fe, Mn, B in maize grain under the different fertilizer were all increased more or less. The increase of con- tents of N ranged from 20. 5% to 48. 6%, especially under the treatment of M₁ NP, NP, and M₂N. The Fe contens of maize grain increased from 4. 92% to 40. 5%, with the increasing of application amount and type. Mn and B in- creased from 3. 53% to 10. 2% and from 0. 41% to 25. 3% respectively, furthermore there was a significant effect with the treatment of M₁ NP on Mn and B contents . P and K contents of grains can be effectively increased by P fer- tilizer with organic fertilizer application and organic-inorganic application. The contents of P was significantly in- creased by 78. 4% and 82. 4% respectively in treatments of M₁, M₁N, while contents of K was significantly in- creased by 62. 1% in M₁ treatment compared with CK. Contents of Mg can be effectively increased by organic fertil- izer application, especially with chemical fertilizer, the contents increased from 5. 52% to 20. 9% . In contrast, there was no significant effect of long-term N fertilizer application, P fertilizer application and organic fertilizer application on contents of Ca, Zn, Cu, Mo in grains.

Key words: Long-term fertilization, Maize, Grain, Nutrient element

中图分类号: 

• S143