秸秆还田对小麦碳氮转运和产量形成的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2013.06.037

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为给小麦高产栽培和秸秆科学还田提供理论依据,通过2年的定位试验,比较研究了稻麦两熟条件下麦草单季还田(WS)、稻草单季还田(RS)以及稻麦秸秆双季还田(WR)对小麦群体碳氮转运、产量构成及品质形成的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田提高了小麦植株花前贮藏氮素转运量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率,对小麦籽粒氮素贡献率达到80%以上。秸秆还田条件下,小麦茎鞘花前可溶性总糖转运量对籽粒淀粉产量的贡献率(PSGS)下降,叶片的PSGS提高,小麦地上部营养器官PSGS总体表现为下降趋势。秸秆还田处理对小麦产量构成因子有显著影响,有效穗数下降,但穗粒数和千粒质量增加,从而弥补了有效穗数下降对产量的损失,使得最终的实际产量并未呈现出显著下降。成熟期小麦籽粒蛋白质含量在秸秆还田条件下提高,而淀粉含量降低,其中直链淀粉含量变化不显著,支链淀粉含量显著下降是导致总淀粉含量下降的主要原因。

关键词: 小麦, 秸秆还田, 碳氮转运, 产量形成

Abstract: In order to provide theoretical basis for high-yield wheat cultivation and scientific straw-returning, the experiment was conducted under field condition for two consecutive years.To investigate the effects of straw-re-turning on carbon and nitrogen assimilate translocation, wheat yield components and quality formation, an experiment of 4 treatments (Rice-straw,RS and wheat-straw,WS returning in single season, rice-wheat straw,WR returning in double season and no straw application, CK ) were executed under rice-wheat double cropping system.Results showed that straw-returning increased the redistribution amount of nitrogen accumulated pre-anthesis and the contri-bution of nitrogen accumulated pre-anthesis to grains, and the contribution rate exceeded 80%.Straw-returning de-creased the contribution percentage of total soluble sugar remobilization quantity to grain starch yield ( PSGS) in the vegetative organs to the grain, but increased the PSGS in leaves while decreased the PSGS in sheathes and stems.Grain yield components were essentially altered by straw-returning.There were a decrease of effective panicle num-ber and an incerease of kernel per spike and weight of 1000 kernels,resulting in a slight but not significant decrease in grain yield.Under straw-returning, mature grains had an increase of protein content and a decrease of starch con-tent.The main reason for decrease in total starch content is that straw-returning significantly decreased the amyl-opectin content but had no effects on the amylose content.

Key words: Wheat, StRaw RetuRning, CaRbon and nitRogen assimilate tRanslocation, Yeild foRmation

中图分类号:

S512.1

张传辉, 杨四军, 顾克军, 顾东祥, 石祖梁, 张斯梅, 常志州. 秸秆还田对小麦碳氮转运和产量形成的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2013, 28(6): 214-219. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2013.06.037.

ZHANG Chuan-hui, YANG Si-jun, GU Ke-jun, GU Dong-xiang, SHI Zu-liang, ZHANG Si-mei, CHANG Zhi-zhou. Institute of AgRicultuRe ResouRces and EnviRonment,Jiangsu Academy of AgRicultuRal Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2013, 28(6): 214-219. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2013.06.037.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2013/V28/I6/214

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