摘要： 为了确定苹果果实品质主要评价指标,分析测定了富士、国光、新世界等58个品种的单果重、果形指数、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、pH、维生素C、类胡萝卜素、固酸比等9个品质指标。对58个品种果实品质性状的变异情况及性状间的相关性进行了分析研究,采用主成分分析法将9个随机变量压缩成6个综合变量,再通过系统聚类分析和相关性分析相结合的办法最终确定了苹果果实评价的主要指标。结果表明:苹果果实性状变异系数的分布范围很广,为5.70%～77.80%。单果重、硬度、维生素C、类胡萝卜素是决定果实品质的重要成分,对果实品质起主要作用。苹果9个品质指标之间存在着相对独立性和密切相关性,维生素C与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关,与单果重呈显著正相关,类胡萝卜素与可滴定酸呈显著负相关,与固酸比呈极显著正相关。综上所述,最终确定单果重、果形指数、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸为5个具有代表性的品质评价指标,它们可以反映苹果品质的绝大部分信息。

关键词: 苹果, 品质, 评价, 主成分分析, 系统聚类分析

Abstract: For ascertaining the main evaluation factors of apple fruit,Nine quality index were measured of fifty-eight varieties.The index included mean individual fruit weight(MIFW),fruit shape index(FSI),flesh rigidity(FR),total soluble solids content(TSS),titratable acid content(TA),pH,vitamin C content,carotenoids,the ratio of sugar acid(RSA).These data were analyzed by variation,correlation analysis principal component analysis and system cluster analysis.58 varieties of fruit quality were analyzed by variation correlation,nine index were compressed into six integrated variables using principal component analysis.Final main evaluation indicators of apple fruit were determined by using cluster analysis and correlation analysis.The results indicated that the range of variation coefficient was from 5.7% to 77.8%.Mean individual fruit weight,flesh rigidity,vitamin C,carotenoids were the important components of fruit quality,playing a major role on fruit quality.These nine index were closely related and the relatively independent.Vitamin C was significantly and negatively correlated with titratable acid content and was significantly and positively related to mean individual fruit weight.Carotenoids was significantly and negatively correlated with titratable acid content and was significantly and positively related to the ratio of sugar acid.Based on the above results,five representative index were assured for evaluating fruit quality,that is fruit weight,fruit shape index,flesh firmness,contents of total soluble solids,and content of titratable acid,which could reflect the most information of apple fruit quality.

Key words: Apple, Fruit quality, Evaluation, Principal component analysis, Systematic cluster analysis

中图分类号: 

• S661.01