摘要： 在20多年的小麦节水高产理论和栽培技术的研究过程中,通过对1986-1987、1988-1989、1995-1996和2006-2007共4个代表性年度的冬小麦供水量与产量的关系研究,分析了近20年来河北省冬小麦产量对供水量的反应变化趋势。结果表明,小麦产量与供水量呈抛物线关系,随年代推进,小麦达到最高产量的供水量逐渐减少,产量逐渐提高。达到最高产量的供水量从1986-1987年的475 mm减少到2006-2007年的280 mm,平均每年减少10 mm。最高产量从1986-1987年的5358.5 kg/hm2,提高到2006-2007年的9240.9 kg/hm2,平均每年增加194.1 kg/hm2。小麦灌浆期较高的土壤水分有利于20世纪80年代小麦籽粒灌浆,但不利于目前小麦籽粒灌浆,造成粒重降低,产量下降。在这一演变过程中,配套节水栽培技术应用、新育成品种节水性的探明和应用以及地力基础的提高发挥了重要作用。

关键词: 冬小麦, 供水量, 产量

Abstract: Based on research throughout the recent 20 years on cultivating techniques and physiological basis in winterwheat with objective of water saving and high yielding,trend in relationship between water supply amount and grainyield of winter wheat from 1987 to 2007 was characterized by analyzing experimental data of four typical years of 1987 ,1989,1996 and 2007 .The results showed that the relations of water supply amount versus grain yield could be well fittedby parabolic curves .Current wheat crop required much less amount of water for achieving its growing maximum yield thanthat of 1980′s .The water amount required for achieving its maximum yield decreased from 475 mm in 1987 to 280 mm in2007 ,with a mean yearly drop of 10 mm .Meanwhile,the maximum yield level grew from 5 358 .5 kg/ha to 9 240 .9kg/ha ,with an average yearly increase of 194 .1 kg/ha .High level of soil moisture during grain filling stagewas beneficialto wheat production of 1980's ,which,however,led to reduced grain weight and grain yield for present wheat crop .Thesechanges mainly attributed to utilization of integrated water -saving management techniques,improvement in water -savingand high yielding traits of new cultivars and enhancement in soil fertility .

Key words: Winterwheat, Watersupplyamount, Yield

中图分类号: 

• Q946.5