摘要： 为了明确不同熟型玉米籽粒灌浆特性及其对产量的影响,比较研究了中晚熟品种农大108和中早熟品种石玉7号籽粒灌浆动态与产量表现,并对籽粒灌浆特性与籽粒水分的关系进行了分析。结果表明,石玉7号与农大108产量差异显著,百粒重是两品种产量差异的主要原因;石玉7号具有籽粒发育速度快、体积大等特点,前中期(0~45d)灌浆速率始终快于农大108,生育后期(45d以后)急剧下降。农大108后期灌浆速率则下降缓慢。籽粒发育速度快,灌浆盛期灌浆速度快、强度大是石玉7号百粒重高的主要原因;籽粒水分状况与籽粒灌浆速率关系密切。回归分析表明,籽粒含水百分率在59.47%左右时,石玉7号灌浆速率达到最大值,为9.28mg/(粒.d);农大108则在57.92%左右时,灌浆速率达到最大值,为8.23mg/(粒.d)。当籽粒含水百分率下降到某一临界值时,籽粒灌浆停止。两品种收获时,籽粒含水百分率尚远在籽粒灌浆终止临界值以上。

关键词: 玉米, 产量, 灌浆速率, 籽粒水分

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Wuqiao research station of china agricultural university in 2006. Therelationship between characteristics of grain f illing and yield of two types of maturity in maize was studied; moreover, therelationship between characterist ics of grain filling and grain water was further analyses. The main results were as fallows.In comparison with the hybrid cv. Nongda108, yield of the hybrid cv Shiyu7 was higher and significant at 0. 05 level. 100-kernel weight was the reason of the different yield. In comparison with Nongda108, it was found that Shiyu7 had fastergrain development, higher grain filling rate. Grain filling rate of Shiyu7 was higher than Nongda108 in 45 da after pollination,later it was declining faster and becoming lower than that of Nongda108.The faster grain development and the highergrain f illing rate is the reason of the larger 100-kernel weight of Shiyu7. There are close corrections between percentage ofgrain water and grain f illing rate. By regression analysis it was known that when the percentage of grain water of Shiyu7reached about 59. 47%, its grain filling rate reached the maximum( 9. 28 mg( / kernel. d) ) ; but for Nongda108 it wasabout 57. 92% , the maximum value was 8. 23mg/ ( kernel. d) .The biomass accumulation stopped when the percentage ofgrain water decreased to a crit ical value, but the percentage of grain water was still far above the critical value at harvestfor the two hybrid cultivars.

Key words: Maize, Yield, Grain filling rate, Grain water

中图分类号: 

• S513