摘要： 为了确定旱地小麦秸秆还田量与氮肥的施用量,在青岛农业大学胶州试验站设不同的秸秆还田量与氮肥处理。研究了精量秸秆还田与施氮量对冬小麦光合特性以及产量的影响。结果表明,与单施N肥处理相比较,适量的秸秆还田能明显提高冬小麦叶绿素SPAD值,延缓旗叶衰老,改善旗叶光合性能,提高小麦千粒质量,但明显降低有效穗数。在同一秸秆还田下高水平氮比低水平氮处理的冬小麦旗叶衰老速度要慢、光合时间更长、产量也明显增多。在施氮225 kg/hm²(N2)下秸秆还田9 000 kg/hm²(J3)比其余处理可明显延缓旗叶衰老、提高光合速率、降低气孔导度、提高蒸腾速率,增加千粒质量。在该地区最具优势的氮肥与秸秆还田量是N2J3处理。

关键词: 氮肥, 秸秆还田, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract: In order to determine the wheat straw residue amount and the nitrogen fertilizer amount in the dry land，different amounts of straws returned to field and nitrogen treatments were set up in Qingdao agriculture university Jiaozhou experiment stations． We researched the effects of precise straw returned quantity and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics and yield． The results showed that compared with only nitrogen fertilizer treatment， right amounts of straws returned to field can improve winter wheat chlorophyll SPAD value obviously，delay senescence of flag leaf， improve the photosynthetic performance of flag leaf and increase the 1000-seed weight． In the same level of the straw returned to N2 level of the flag leaf senescence winter wheat slowly，and photosynthesis prolonged， the yield was increased significantly． Straw returned 9 000 kg /ha( J3) under 225 kg /ha ( N2) nitrogen can delay senescence of flag leaf， improve the photosynthetic performance of flag leaf， reduce stomatal conductance and increase the 1000-seed weight obviously compared with other process，however，wheat straw reduced the wheat effective panicles． The experimental results showed that straw returned 9 000 kg /ha under 225 kg /ha nitrogen dosage had the most obvious effect on improving photosynthesis of flag leaves． So the N2J3 treatment is the optimal choice in the locality．

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Straw-return, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S143.1

• S316