摘要： 以内单4号春玉米为试验材料,采用五因素二次通用旋转组合设计(&frac12;) 实施方案,通过建立群体光合性能指标模型,系统地研究了主要栽培因素对生理指标的影响。结果表明,最大叶面积系数(LAI) 和总光合势(LAD) 与产量的关系呈单峰曲线变化,当最大LAI<5.8 或总LAD<362.7万m⊃2;⋅d/hm⊃2;时,产量呈上升趋势,对产量影响较大的是灌浆期的LAI或散粉～灌浆期的LAD,保持散粉期后具有较大的光合面积和持续时间是提高产量的保证。在当地生产条件下,内单4号单产11250 kg/hm⊃2;的优化栽培措施为:密度6.885～7.065 万株/hm⊃2;,种肥N 30 kg/hm⊃2;,种肥P₂O₅ 96.75～108.15 kg/hm⊃2;,种肥K₂O 66.75～74.4 kg/hm⊃2;,拔节肥N 131.85～145.65 kg/hm⊃2;,穗肥N102.0～117.3 kg/hm⊃2;群体光合性能指标参数为:最大LAI为4.83～4.94,总LAD为320.4～329.7 万m⊃2;⋅d/hm⊃2;,平均净同化率(NAR) 为6.77～6.79 g/m⊃2;⋅d,其中散粉～灌浆期LAD为79.8～82.35 万m⊃2;⋅d/hm⊃2;。

关键词: 玉米, 优化栽培, 群体光合性能, 产量, 数学模型

Abstract: With spring maize Neidan 4 as experimental material and five factor-second universal regression ratary group disign (&frac12;),the effects of main cultivation factos on physicological indices were systematically studied by means of setting up index model of population photosythetic character accordingly.The result showed that relationship of the highest leaf area index(LAI)and total leaf area duration (LAD) with yield presented change curve of single peak,yield presented upward tendency when the highest LAI<5.8 or total LAD<3.627×10⁶m⊃2;⋅d/ha,LAI at filling stage and LAD in bloowing filling stage had more important effects on yield,bigger green leaf area and longer time after blooming could contribute to yield improvement.Under the conditions of local production,the optimun cultivation for 11250 kg/ha of Neidan 4 was following:density was 68850～70650 plants/ha;seed maurer:N 30 kg/ha,P₂O₅ 96.75～108.15kg/ha,K₂O 66.75～74.4 kg/ha;top dressing N,131.85～145.65 kg/ha at stem elongation,102.0～117.3 kg/ha at heading stage.Index parameter of population photosythetic character was:the highest LAI 4.83～4.94,total LAD 3.204×10⁶～3.297×10⁶ m⊃2;?d/ha,averaging 6.77～6.79 g/m⊃2;?d,in witeh LAD 7.98×10⁵～8.235×10⁵ m⊃2;?d/ha in blooming filling stage.

Key words: Maize, Optimum cultivation, Population photosythetic character, Yeild, Mathematical model

中图分类号: 

• S513.01