摘要： 利用携带不同Rht矮秆基因的6个冬小麦近等基因系，进行了两年试验，研究了不同矮秆基因在育种中的利用价值。结果表明：Rht1和Rht2两个半矮秆基因显着提高了单株（或单穗）粒数和粒重、经济系数和倒二叶面积，较Rht3和高秆系显着降低了千粒重；Rht3矮秆基因对单株粒数、单株产量和穗粒数均有负向作用，显着提高了千粒重；Rht1+Rht2较高秆系和Rht2+Rht3系比较显着提高了经济系数；Rht2+Rht3对产量构成因子和经济系数均有负向作用；以上5种矮秆基因型均有显着的降秆作用，但对旗叶面积和穗长无影响。

关键词: 冬小麦, 矮秆基因, 近等基因系, 农艺性状

Abstract: The ultilization value of different dwarfing genes in winter wheat breeding was studied by using 6 near isogenic lines carrying different Rht dwarfing genes over two years experiments. Results showed that both Rht1 and Rht2 as semi dwarting gene had significantly positive effects on kernels number and grain weight per plant or per spike, harvest index and the area of boot leaf, and had significantly negative effect on 1000 grain weight comparing with tall line and Rht3 line. Rht3 as a dwarfing gene had significantly negative effect on Kernel number and grain yield per plant and kernel number per spike and had positive effect on 1000 grain weight. The interaction between Rht1 and Rht2 showed significantly positive effect on harvest index comparing with tall line and Rht2 + Rht3 line. The Rht2+Rht3 genetype showed significantly negative effect on yield components and harvest index. All of these 5 genotypes mentioned above had significantly negative effect on plant height and no effect on the area of flag leaf and spike length.

Key words: Winter wheat, Dwarfing gene, Near isogenic line, Agronomic characteristics