摘要： 采用岩棉营养液栽培方法探讨不同K、N水平对番茄的生育、产量及品质的影响。试验结果表明，K、N配合明显促进番茄生育，单株鲜重、干物重、茎粗、叶面积均随营养液中K浓度的增加而增大，呈显着或极显着正相关（r=0.939~0.998）.N、K互作未达显着水准，但N浓度的增加提高了相关关系的斜率。随K浓度的增加，番茄开花和座果及成熟期提前；单株产量、单株结果数、单果重有增加倾向；优质果率明显提高。品质分析结果表明，果实中可溶性固形物、滴定酸度与K浓度呈显着或极显着正相关。果实表面色L∗a∗b∗与K浓度密切相关，提高K浓度有利于果实着色。高K浓度有降低叶中P、Ca、Mg含量的倾向。在高N营养条件下必须相对提高K的浓度以避免营养失调。番茄营养液栽培K的浓度以200~300mg·kg^-1为宜，N浓度以100mg·kg^-1为宜。

关键词: 番茄, 营养液, 钾素营养, 氮素营养, 配合施肥, 生理指标, 产量

Abstract: The results of the experiment showed that combined application of K,N obviously promoted tomato growth.The fresh weight,dry weight.stem width and leaf area per plant increased with the increasing of K concentration in nutrient solution and showed significant positive correlation.Blooming,fruit setting and cropping date were advanced with increasing of concentration of K and N.The maturation date was 7-10 days earlier than that of low potassium treatment.Average yield per plant,fruit number per plant,weight of single fruit,the rate of high class fruit were increased clearly with the increased concentration of K;but at the end of growth period there was salt accumulation phenomenon in rock wool culture bed in high N and K treatment,this case made the reduction of calcium absorption,increment of bloom end rot and the reduction in yield.The result showed that soluble soild titratable acidity with K concentration were significant correlation.The fruit surface color was a closely correlation with K concentration and was a significantly negative correlation with L b ∗ ,and significantly positive correlation with a ∗ .Increasing of K concentration promoted absorption of N and K in leaf,and increment of N concentration increased the absorption of K and P in leaf,but high K concentration was a trend to reduce the P,Ca,Mg contents in leaf.The result of experiment indicated that the treatment of high N but low K would make symptoms of nutrient unbalance and the yield significant reduced worse than that of low N and low K unless correspondingly increasing the K concentration.The experiment recommended suitable.K concentration 200-300mg·kg^-1 and N concentration 100mg·kg^-1 .In order to gurantee high quality and yields,K concentration could be improved properly in tomato nutrient solution.

Key words: Tomato, Nutrient solution, Potassium nutrition, Nitrogen nutrition, Application of combined fertilizer, Physiological Index, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S641.203