摘要： 在典型砂姜黑土上的六年定位试验证明:每年亩施圈肥2500～5000kg,可显著提高土壤有机质含量,全氮和速效氮有所增加,速效磷含量增高;在各种磷酸盐形态中,铝磷酸盐含量明显增加。施用圈肥的处理,耕层土壤容重降低,有效水含量显著提高,土壤持水曲线与对照处理有明显差别。施用氮磷化肥和无肥对照区,土壤有机质含量没有明显下降,说明砂姜黑土的土壤有机质分解速度是缓慢的。单纯施用氮磷化肥,第一年小麦增产幅度较大,以后小麦产量逐年下降。同时施用圈肥和氮磷化肥,小麦产量逐年呈上升趋势。

关键词: 砂姜黑土, 土壤改良, 土壤培肥, 有机质, 土壤有效水, 土壤持水曲线

Abstract: The fixed site experiments on the typical lime concretion black soil(LCBS) were carried out for 6 years. The results indicated that yard manure application of 2500-5000 kg/mu/year increased significantly the content of organic matter(OM), total N, rapidly-available N and P. Among the various types of phosphates,Al - P content was raised obviously, the soil volume weight in cultivated layers was lowered and available water content was raised by the manure application.The curve of soil water-holding differed noticeably from that of control.Compared with ck (no fertilization), the soil OM content decreased insignificantly by continuous application of N and P fertilizers for 6 years. This suggested a slow decomposition of OM in LCBS.The application of N or P fertilizers alone didn't increase wheat yield distinctly,even almost no effects could be noted with the advancing of time. However, the combined application of N and P fertilizers increased wheat yield significantly. The mixture of manure and fertilizer not only resulted in high wheat yield in successive years but also improved the fertility of the soil.

Key words: Lime concretion black Soilsoil, improvement, Increasing fertility, Organic matter, Soil available water, Soil water holding capacity curve, Wheat