摘要： 通过北京昌平"国家褐潮土土壤肥力和肥料效益监测基地"的长期定位试验(1991-2004年),研究了褐潮土条件下长期施肥对土壤有机质状况的影响,与对照不施肥或单施氮肥比较,氮磷长期配合施用极显著增加冬小麦和夏玉米的生物产量和籽粒产量,冬小麦增产4倍以上,夏玉米增产1倍以上;单施氮肥、或磷钾配合、或氮钾配合增产效果均不明显;氮磷长期配合施用各处理比较,冬小麦和夏玉米产量均表现NPK+有机肥或秸杆>NPK>NP。氮磷钾配合施用有机肥耕层土壤有机质含量明显高于单施化肥;与对照不施肥比较,NPK+秸秆以及NPK+有机肥土壤有机质含量分别增加7.90%和14.56%,氮磷钾配合和氮磷配合分别比对照增加6.51%和5.89%,而单施氮肥仅增加2.56%。可见NPK平衡施用及其配施有机肥对增加作物产量和土壤有机质含量具有重要作用。

关键词: 褐潮土, 长期施肥, 作物产量, 土壤有机质

Abstract: Based on national supervision base for aqu-i cinnamon soil fertility and fertilizer benefits in Changping,Beijing( 1991- 2004) , the effect of long-term fert ilization on crop yield and Soil organic matter. were invest igated. Themain results obtained are as follows: Compared with the check( CK, no fertilizer applicat ion) and single nitrogen fertilizer(N only) , combined applicat ion of N and P( NP) significantly increased both biomass and grain yield of winter wheat by400% and summer corn by 100% ; Compared with NP, treatment , N only, combined appplication of P and K( PK) , andcombined application of N and K( NK) , increased crop yield not significantly.The yield increament for winter wheat andsummer corn follows the following order: NPK+ pig manure( NPKM) or NPK + straw> NPK> NP. The content of soilorganic matter(OM) of NPKM treatment was higher than that of single chemical fertilizer treatment significant ly. In comparisonwith CK, soil OM with treatments of NPK+ Straw,NPKM, NPK, NP and N only increased by 7190% , 14156%,6151%, 5189% and 2156%, respectively. Therefore, balanced application of N, Pand K, and combined applicat ion ofNPK with Crop yield and organic materials play a very important role in improving soil OM status.

Key words: Aqu-i cinnamon soil, Long-term fertilizer experiment, Crop yield, Soil organic matter

中图分类号: 

• S158