摘要： 研究褐土区长期不同施肥对土壤磷素形态和磷素累积的影响，对不同磷组分与磷素盈余之间进行相关性分析，为促进土壤中磷素向作物易于吸收的形态转化、提高磷素的利用效率提供依据，从而进一步探索合理的磷肥调控措施。选用其中的9个处理，即不施肥处理，4个不同水平氮、磷化肥配施处理，3个有机肥无机肥配施处理以及1个单施高量有机肥处理。供试土壤取自1992-2012年在山西省寿阳县宗艾镇北坪旱塬上长期定位试验的0~20 cm耕层土壤，运用Hedley磷素分级方法测定耕层土壤不同组分磷素含量，分析长期不同施肥处理对耕层土壤磷素形态及盈余的影响，计算不同形态磷素与磷素盈余之间的相关性。结果发现，有机肥无机肥配施及单施高量有机肥促进了土壤磷素向活性较强的磷素形态转化，使H₂O-P和NaHCO₃-P含量迅速增加；不同施肥处理对耕层土壤中H₂O-P、NaHCO₃-P含量影响较大；随着磷素投入量的增加满足植物的需求后，会有大量活性较强形态的磷素向NaOH-P转化；不同施肥处理对HCl-P含量的影响差异性较小，对于Residual-P含量有降低的趋势。各处理土壤磷素盈余量大小表现为：N₀P₀M₆ > N₃P₂M₃ > N₄P₄M₀ > N₃P₃M₀ > N₄P₂M₂ > N₂P₂M₀ > N₂P₁M₁ > N₁P₁M₀ > N₀P₀M₀。磷素盈余与各组分磷相关性表现为：HCl-P > NaHCO₃-P > Residual-P > H₂O-P > NaOH-P。长期单施高量有机肥或不合理有机肥无机肥配施会导致磷素在土壤中大量盈余，其中，单施高量有机肥的盈余量最大。当土壤中磷素投入量在33~61 kg/hm²时基本可以满足植物的要求，N₄P₂M₂处理在满足植物需求的前提下当季利用率达到最大，为36.4%，推荐施磷量为61 kg/（hm²·年）。土壤磷素盈余与稳定态磷素的相关性最大，磷素盈余会使磷素的利用效率迅速降低。合理的有机肥无机肥配施可以提高作物对磷素的利用效率。

关键词: 褐土, 长期施肥, 磷组分, 磷盈亏, 响应

Abstract: The study is to reveal the influences of phosphorus components and balance with the different long-term fertilization in cinnamon soil,then analyzes the correlation between them. By studying the influence of different fertilization measures on soil P transformation among different forms is to promote the soil phosphorus to become the forms,which can be absorbed by plant easily. It is also to provide the basis for improving the efficiency of phosphorus use and explore the reasonable phosphate control measures. Nine treatments were selected:without fertilizer;4 different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combination treatments;3 organic and inorganic fertilizer combine treatments and 1 single high-volume organic fertilizer treatment. The sample soil was taken from the 0-20 cm in the long-term positioning test in Shouyang County,Shanxi Province from 1992 to 2012. The content of different P forms was determined by the P classic way of Hedley. Analyzing effects of P components and P surpluses with different long-term fertilization treatments and calculating the correlation between them. It found that the organic and inorganic combine fertilizer and single application of high organic fertilizer treatments promote P to become the more active forms. It will make the content of H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-P increase sharply. Each fertilizer treatment has the influnce on the number of H₂O-P, NaHCO₃-P in the arable soil. With the augment of the P fertilizer,many activate P forms become NaOH-P. HCl-P was influenced smaller than other forms with different P fertilizer. The Residual-P was decreased with the P fertilizer input. The amount of surplus P of various treatments:N₀P₀M₆ > N₃P₂M₃ > N₄P₄M₀ > N₃P₃M₀ > N₄P₂M₂ > N₂P₂M₀ > N₂P₁M₁ > N₁P₁M₀ > N₀P₀M₀. The correlation between P surplus and different P forms expresses:HCl-P > NaHCO₃-P > Residual-P > H₂O-P > NaOH-P long-term fertilization,which included the single large inorganic fertilizer and irrational organic and inorganic combine fertilizer,result large amounts of P surplus in the soil especially the single much organic fertilizer. When the number of P in the soil reached 33-61 kg/ha,it could meet the requirements of plants. N₄P₂M₂ processing not only could meet the demand of plant but also could improve the utilization to maximum 36.4%. It was the recommended P fertilizer rate for 61 kg/(ha·a). The correlation between the surplus of soil P and the P stable forms was the largest,and the P surplus would decrease the utilization efficiency of phosphorus sharply. Reasonable organic and inorganic combine fertilization can improve the efficiency of phosphorus utilization.

Key words: Cinnamon soil, Long-term fertilization, Phosphorus components, Phosphorus balance, Response

中图分类号: 

• S143.2