土壤改良剂对中稻-再生稻产量与氮肥利用的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190334

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究土壤改良剂对水稻产量和氮肥利用的影响，为中稻-再生稻增产与肥料高效利用以及稻田次生障碍阻控提供理论支撑。以准两优608（2016年）和晶两优华占（2017年）为试验材料，设施用过氧化钙（CaO₂）、施用生物石灰（Bi-CaO）、施用硅肥（SiO₂）、常规施肥（NPK）和不施肥（NF）5个处理。分别测定了水稻产量和氮肥利用相关的指标。结果表明，施用土壤改良剂显著增加中稻-再生稻系统产量，与常规施肥（NPK）相比较头季产量增幅达7.37%~17.78%，再生季可增产493.3~982.2 kg/hm²。施用土壤改良剂显著提高中稻-再生稻有效穗数与头季结实率和穗粒数，且显著增强其各生育期干物质积累。土壤改良剂显著提高中稻-再生稻植株氮素吸收与积累，且后期以施用过氧化钙（CaO₂）效果最佳。施用土壤改良剂显著促进中稻-再生稻系统氮肥高效利用，与NPK相比较施用改良剂处理氮肥偏生产力（NPFP）、肥料氮贡献率（NCT）、氮肥农学利用率（AE_N）和氮素回收率（RE_N）均显著增加，其中NPFP和AE_N分别增加了2.92~7.53 kg/kg，4.76~7.53 kg/kg，NCT和RE_N分别增加6.32~9.65，34.40~46.11百分点；施用土壤改良剂显著降低了中稻-再生稻系统土壤氮素依存率（SNDR）及氮肥生理利用率（PE_N）。研究结果表明，施用土壤改良剂可显著促进中稻-再生稻增产与氮肥高效利用，综合水稻产量与氮肥利用表现，施用过氧化钙（CaO₂）对中稻-再生稻促进作用最佳，其次是施用硅肥（SiO₂），均优于施用生物石灰（Bi-CaO）处理。

关键词: 中稻-再生稻, 土壤改良剂, 过氧化钙, 生物石灰, 硅肥, 氮肥利用

Abstract: To study the effect of soil amendments application on rice yield and nitrogen utilization in the mid-season-rice-ratoon rice system and provide theoretical and experimental basis for yield increase,fertilizer efficient utilization,and secondary barrier reduction. Two rice cultivars,Zhunliangyou 608(ZLY 608,2016)and Jingliangyouhuazhan(JLYHZ,2017)were chosen as materials,and five treatments were set,calcium peroxide(CaO₂),bio-lime(Bi-CaO),silicon fertilizer(SiO₂),normal NPK(NPK)and no fertilizer(NF). Rice yield,component of yield and nitrogen utilization related index were examined respectively. Results showed that soil amendments application could significantly increase rice yield of mid-season-rice-ratoon rice,with increasing 7.37%-17.78% in the main season,and 493.3-982.2 kg/ha in ratoon season compared with NPK. Soil amendments application significantly increased the effective panicle of both season,seed setting and grains/panicle of the main season,besides it could significantly enhance the dry matter accumulation of each period. Soil amendments application significantly increased the nitrogen absorption and accumulation of mid-season-rice-ratoon rice,and applied with CaO₂ worked best in the late period. Besides,soil amendments application significantly promoted the nitrogen efficient utilization of mid-season rice ratoon rice system. Compared with NPK,the N partial factor productivity(NPFP),N fertilizer contribution rate(NCT),Agronomic nitrogen efficiency(AE_N)and N recovery efficiency(RE_N)of the amendments applied treatment increased significantly,of which the NPFP and AE_N increased 2.92-7.53 kg/kg and 4.76-7.53 kg/kg respectively. The NCT and RE_N increased 6.32-9.65 and 34.40-46.11 percentage points respectively. Besides,soil amendments application could significantly reduce the dependent rate of soil nitrogen(SNDR)and physiological N use efficiency(PE_N)of the mid-season-rice-ratoon rice system. This research proved that soil amendments application could significantly increase the yield of mid-season-rice-ratoon rice and promoted the nitrogen efficient utilization. Combine the rice yield with N utilization,application with calcium peroxide(CaO₂)had the best promoting effect on the mid-season-rice-ratoon rice growth,followed by silicon fertilizer(SiO₂)application,which were better than bio-lime(Bi-CaO)application.

Key words: Mid-season-rice-ratoon rice, Soil amendments, Calcium peroxide(CaO₂), Bio-lime(Bi-CaO), Silicon fertilizer(SiO₂), Nitrogen utilization

中图分类号:

S143.1
S156

胡志华, 徐小林, 李大明, 柳开楼, 余喜初, 叶会财, 胡惠文. 土壤改良剂对中稻-再生稻产量与氮肥利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(1): 114-121. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190334.

HU Zhihua, XU Xiaolin, LI Daming, LIU Kailou, YU Xichu, YE Huicai, HU Huiwen. Effect of Soil Amendments Application on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization in Mid-season-rice-ratoon-rice System[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(1): 114-121. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190334.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I1/114

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