摘要： 为明确适宜玉米花生间作下茬小麦稳产高效的氮肥运筹，在玉米花生间作前茬条件下，以冬小麦品种济麦22为研究材料，以传统施氮量（225.0 kg/hm²）为对照，分别设置不同增氮、减氮处理，系统研究了不同施氮量对玉米花生间作下茬小麦产量及产量结构、干物质积累分配及氮肥吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明，两增氮处理及减氮10%处理干物质积累总量、氮素积累总量、花前干物质转运量、花后干物质积累量及其籽粒产量与对照均无显著差异；减氮30%处理显著降低了间作茬小麦拔节后干物质积累总量、氮素积累总量、花后干物质积累量及籽粒产量；以传统施氮量为对照，增加或减少30%范围内，公顷穗数随氮肥减少而降低，且减氮10%处理的公顷穗数与对照无显著差异，均显著高于减氮20%以上处理，但施氮量的增减对穗粒数和千粒质量无显著影响；各减氮处理显著提高了玉米花生间作下茬小麦氮肥偏生产力。综上，该研究条件下，施氮量从225.0 kg/hm²减至202.5 kg/hm²对玉米花生间作下茬小麦干物质积累及产量形成无显著影响，但显著提高了其氮肥偏生产力。初步得出，该试验条件下，施氮量从225.0 kg/hm²减至202.5 kg/hm²更利于玉米花生间作下茬小麦的高效安全生产。

关键词: 施氮量, 玉米花生间作下茬, 干物质积累, 产量构成, 氮肥利用

Abstract: In order to study the suitable, stable and efficient nitrogen fertilizer management for following wheat after maize peanut intercropping, the effects of nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield structure, accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen use efficiency of following wheat after maize peanut intercropping were studied. Jimai 22 was used as experimental material. With traditional nitrogen application (225.0 kg/ha)as control, different nitrogen and nitrogen reduction treatments were set up respectively. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the dry matter accumulation, total nitrogen accumulation, pre-anthesis dry matter translocation amount, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation amount and grain yield among the treatment increased the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, two increased nitrogen treatments, decreased 10% treatment and the control. The dry matter accumulation after jointing, total nitrogen accumulation, pre-anthesis dry matter translocation amount, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation amount and grain yield were significantly reduced by 30% nitrogen reduction. The study also found that the spike number per hectare decreased with the decreased of nitrogen fertilizer in the range of increase or decrease 30%. There was no significant difference in the number of hectare per hectare treated with nitrogen reduction 10%, which was significantly higher than that of nitrogen reduction over 20%. Nitrogen application had no significant effect on grain number per ear and thousand kernel weights. The nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP)of following wheat after maize peanut intercropping was significantly improved by reduction of nitrogen. Under the conditions of this experiment, there was no significant difference on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat, but the nitrogen partial productivity was sharply increased when the nitrogen fertilization was reduced from 225.0 kg/ha to 202.5 kg/ha. That the amount of nitrogen fertilizer reduced from 225.0 kg/ha to 202.5 kg/ha was beneficial to the efficient and safe production of following wheat after maize peanut intercropping.

Key words: N application rate, Following wheat after maize peanut intercropping, Dry matter accumulation, Yield components, Nitrogen utilization efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S344.6

• S512.01