摘要： 按Hayman方法对8×8完全双列杂交F₁的6个性状进行基因效应分析与模型检验,株高、穗长、实粒数符合加性-显性模型.株高、实粒数为部分显性,加性方差和显性方差均显著,基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要;穗长为超显性,显性基因效应比加性基因效应更重要.对杂交F₁、F₂进行配合力效应值分析表明,一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差对所研究性状均重要,多数性状为加性基因效应占主导.亲本85G63、81-18、82-14为最佳配合者,其主要经济性状一般配合力好.杂交F₁各性状均有明显杂种优势,组合间和性状间的优势具有显著差异,以单株籽粒产量优势最强,其余依次为实粒数、穗长、株高、小穗粒数和千粒重.

关键词: 大麦, 模型检验, 配合力, 杂种优势

Abstract: A eight-parent diallel cross of barley (Hordeum distichum L.) was investigated for six economic traits in two years(1987, 1988). Each kind of gene effects and model test were estimated by Hayman’s method.Only plant height, spike length, fertile spikelets were adequate to "additive-dominance" model. Plant height and fertile spikelets were partial dominance, additive effect of genes was more important than that of dominance. Dominance gene effect of spike length was higher than that of additive. Combining ability effects were estimated over generation (F1 & F2). Both GCA and SCA variances were important for all the studied characters. However, the preponderance of additive gene effects was noted for the most traits. The parents 85G63, 81-18 82-14 having high GCA effects for the majority of yield components were considered as best general combiners. All characters of F1 had obvious hete-rosis and it varied with crosses and traits. Heterosis of grain yield per plant was the biggest, the rest, in sequence, were fertile spikelets, spike length, plant height, spikelets per spike, 1000-kernel weight.

Key words: Barley, Model test, Combining ability, Heterosis