Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat Kexing 3302

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195921

Abstract

Abstract:

To identify the suitable sowing date and planting density for the synergistic improvement of yield and quality of strong gluten wheat,the strong gluten wheat variety Kexing 3302 was used as the experimental material.Two sowing dates(October 18(S1)and October 28(S2))and five densities(basic seedlings of 180×10⁴plants/ha(D180),225×10⁴plants/ha(D225),270×10⁴plants/ha(D270),315×10⁴plants/ha(D315),and 375×10⁴plants/ha(D375))were set.Field experiments were conducted in 2021—2023 to investigate the effects of sowing date and density on physiological indicators,yield,and quality of wheat plants.The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of wheat leaves generally decreased with the increase of planting density,and reached its maximum at most growth stages under low-density treatment.With the delay of the sowing date,the relative chlorophyll content of leaves showed an upward trend,with S1 sowing date being lower than S2.As planting density increased,the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)generally showed an upward trend,and the NDVI value at S2 sowing date was significantly lower than that at S1 sowing date.The number of spikes and grain yield decreased with the delay of the planting density,but increased with the increase of planting density,with the highest yield under D375 treatment.With the delay of the sowing date,both protein content and wet gluten content generally showed a slight downward trend,but the grain protein content of all treatments was above 13.5%.The total starch content of wheat grains generally decreased with the increase of density at S1 sowing date,but increased with the increase of density at S2 sowing date.In addition,the peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity,and breakdown value generally increased with the increase of density under the two sowing dates.Parameters such as dough stability time and water absorption rate did not exhibit obvious regular pattern under different sowing dates and planting density,but all met the standards for strong gluten wheat.In summary,at sowing date S1,the planting density of Kexing 3302 at 315×10⁴—375×10⁴ plants/ha can achieve high quality and high yield.

Key words: Wheat, Sowing date, Planting density, Physiological index, Yield, Grain quality

CLC Number:

YANG Yang, CAO Chenchen, MA Wenhua, XU Beiming, MA Dongyun, DONG Ying, YANG Yang. Effects of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat Kexing 3302[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(1): 97-104. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195921.

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References 26

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年份 Year	播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	穗数/(×10⁴穗/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-kernel weight	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²) Grain yield
2022	S1	D180	496.08±3.51c	43.77±1.84a	41.26±1.00b	7 614.60±381.00bc
		D225	549.44±11.50b	43.47±1.07a	39.48±0.43c	8 014.05±317.12ab
		D270	566.95±17.01b	41.80±3.38b	39.36±0.28c	7 928.25±1 225.86ab
		D315	640.00±19.60a	40.50±3.70c	38.52±0.08c	8 485.95±798.53a
		D375	660.33±0.00a	40.43±3.55c	38.47±0.58c	8 729.85±887.70a
	S2	D180	458.56±20.82d	43.93±1.85a	42.56±1.70a	7 287.75±1 085.38bc
		D225	461.06±9.54cd	43.63±0.49a	40.03±2.35b	6 845.10±951.78c
		D270	486.91±19.16cd	42.30±1.01b	40.00±2.73c	7 002.45±1 067.22c
		D315	542.77±5.57b	42.13±1.75b	38.71±0.05c	7 524.00±250.93bc
		D375	577.79±12.01b	42.03±2.55b	38.57±1.05c	7 961.55±786.79ab
2023	S1	D180	539.27±6.36a	43.85±2.76a	41.00±0.66ab	8 241.05±188.74b
		D225	616.97±10.26a	42.02±1.36a	38.33±1.22c	8 446.50±534.07b
		D270	615.15±17.68a	42.27±4.46a	38.75±1.03bc	8 564.47±455.41b
		D315	608.37±19.60a	41.83±2.91a	38.03±0.78c	8 226.25±539.50b
		D375	719.79±7.78a	41.65±0.78a	38.50±0.85c	9 810.75±932.70a
	S2	D180	494.69±15.50a	46.70±0.82a	41.47±0.83a	8 143.30±745.71b
		D225	570.34±19.29a	45.01±1.58a	39.13±0.23abc	8 536.35±426.00b
		D270	571.03±4.24a	45.00±0.68a	39.17±0.35abc	8 555.50±467.49b
		D315	597.86±14.19a	45.63±5.11a	37.73±2.23c	8 748.97±775.74b
		D375	538.19±23.69a	47.35±2.33a	38.35±2.00c	8 306.87±273.80b

年份 Year	播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	穗数/(×10⁴穗/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-kernel weight	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²) Grain yield
2022	S1	D180	496.08±3.51c	43.77±1.84a	41.26±1.00b	7 614.60±381.00bc
		D225	549.44±11.50b	43.47±1.07a	39.48±0.43c	8 014.05±317.12ab
		D270	566.95±17.01b	41.80±3.38b	39.36±0.28c	7 928.25±1 225.86ab
		D315	640.00±19.60a	40.50±3.70c	38.52±0.08c	8 485.95±798.53a
		D375	660.33±0.00a	40.43±3.55c	38.47±0.58c	8 729.85±887.70a
	S2	D180	458.56±20.82d	43.93±1.85a	42.56±1.70a	7 287.75±1 085.38bc
		D225	461.06±9.54cd	43.63±0.49a	40.03±2.35b	6 845.10±951.78c
		D270	486.91±19.16cd	42.30±1.01b	40.00±2.73c	7 002.45±1 067.22c
		D315	542.77±5.57b	42.13±1.75b	38.71±0.05c	7 524.00±250.93bc
		D375	577.79±12.01b	42.03±2.55b	38.57±1.05c	7 961.55±786.79ab
2023	S1	D180	539.27±6.36a	43.85±2.76a	41.00±0.66ab	8 241.05±188.74b
		D225	616.97±10.26a	42.02±1.36a	38.33±1.22c	8 446.50±534.07b
		D270	615.15±17.68a	42.27±4.46a	38.75±1.03bc	8 564.47±455.41b
		D315	608.37±19.60a	41.83±2.91a	38.03±0.78c	8 226.25±539.50b
		D375	719.79±7.78a	41.65±0.78a	38.50±0.85c	9 810.75±932.70a
	S2	D180	494.69±15.50a	46.70±0.82a	41.47±0.83a	8 143.30±745.71b
		D225	570.34±19.29a	45.01±1.58a	39.13±0.23abc	8 536.35±426.00b
		D270	571.03±4.24a	45.00±0.68a	39.17±0.35abc	8 555.50±467.49b
		D315	597.86±14.19a	45.63±5.11a	37.73±2.23c	8 748.97±775.74b
		D375	538.19±23.69a	47.35±2.33a	38.35±2.00c	8 306.87±273.80b

播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	总淀粉含量/% Starch content	直链淀粉含量/% Amylose content		支链淀粉含量/% Amylopectin content		峰值黏度/cP Eak viscosity		低谷黏度/cP Trough viscosity
S1	D180	87.72±1.15a	20.79±1.52ef		66.86±1.05a		1 334.83±199.46d		1 125.33±160.83c
	D225	85.54±2.10bc	19.68±1.17f		66.83±2.26a		1 415.50±131.21bcd		1 194.25±114.99bc
	D270	84.53±1.47d	21.13±2.07e		63.39±2.62b		1 438.75±138.85bcd		1 219.75±110.72b
	D315	85.33±0.54bcd	23.21±0.91cd		62.12±1.44bc		1 489.50±191.60bc		1 244.00±131.59ab
	D375	84.46±1.32d	24.78±3.09ab		59.68±3.73f		1 533.00±137.06ab		1 286.83±110.53a
S2	D180	83.48±4.82e	21.96±0.93de		61.89±4.95cd		1 399.75±150.28 cd		1 169.50±86.59bc
	D225	84.64±1.87d	23.79±2.67bc		62.69±0.70bc		1 393.75±219.21cd		1 193.00±158.87bc
	D270	84.98±1.87cd	24.28±5.07abc		59.90±4.06e		1 445.75±196.87bcd		1 219.75±116.51b
	D315	85.33±1.99bcd	24.65±1.87ab		61.36±2.73d		1 457.50±41.90bcd		1 231.17±69.21ab
	D375	86.06±1.83b	25.61±3.98a		60.45±5.57de		1 633.17±269.00a		1 282.33±105.55a
播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	稀懈值/cP Break down		最终黏度/cP Final viscosity		反弹值/cP Setback		糊化温度/℃ Pasting temperature
S1	D180	209.50±45.21cde		2 179.17±72.79e		844.33±66.70c		91.19±0.46ab
	D225	221.25±21.78cd		2 281.25±58.52cd		865.75±12.01bc		91.19±0.01ab
	D270	219.00±25.15cd		2 346.25±18.52bc		907.50±34.12a		90.53±0.44c
	D315	239.00±27.39b		2 340.06±23.00cd		857.67±30.24bc		91.06±0.64abc
	D375	246.17±2.52ab		2 422.50±51.01a		889.50±21.56ab		91.36±0.32ab
S2	D180	230.25±19.79bc		2 266.00±134.52d		866.25±51.21bc		91.36±0.64ab
	D225	200.75±42.18e		2 273.25±250.92cd		879.50±57.80abc		91.64±0.54a
	D270	226.00±43.71bcd		2 320.00±179.97cd		874.25±21.69abc		90.75±0.68bc
	D315	226.33±19.86bcd		2 336.83±93.00cd		879.33±8.96abc		91.04±0.23abc
	D375	350.83±8.49a		2 414.83±82.00ab		781.67±10.96d		90.78±0.43bc

播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	总淀粉含量/% Starch content	直链淀粉含量/% Amylose content		支链淀粉含量/% Amylopectin content		峰值黏度/cP Eak viscosity		低谷黏度/cP Trough viscosity
S1	D180	87.72±1.15a	20.79±1.52ef		66.86±1.05a		1 334.83±199.46d		1 125.33±160.83c
	D225	85.54±2.10bc	19.68±1.17f		66.83±2.26a		1 415.50±131.21bcd		1 194.25±114.99bc
	D270	84.53±1.47d	21.13±2.07e		63.39±2.62b		1 438.75±138.85bcd		1 219.75±110.72b
	D315	85.33±0.54bcd	23.21±0.91cd		62.12±1.44bc		1 489.50±191.60bc		1 244.00±131.59ab
	D375	84.46±1.32d	24.78±3.09ab		59.68±3.73f		1 533.00±137.06ab		1 286.83±110.53a
S2	D180	83.48±4.82e	21.96±0.93de		61.89±4.95cd		1 399.75±150.28 cd		1 169.50±86.59bc
	D225	84.64±1.87d	23.79±2.67bc		62.69±0.70bc		1 393.75±219.21cd		1 193.00±158.87bc
	D270	84.98±1.87cd	24.28±5.07abc		59.90±4.06e		1 445.75±196.87bcd		1 219.75±116.51b
	D315	85.33±1.99bcd	24.65±1.87ab		61.36±2.73d		1 457.50±41.90bcd		1 231.17±69.21ab
	D375	86.06±1.83b	25.61±3.98a		60.45±5.57de		1 633.17±269.00a		1 282.33±105.55a
播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	稀懈值/cP Break down		最终黏度/cP Final viscosity		反弹值/cP Setback		糊化温度/℃ Pasting temperature
S1	D180	209.50±45.21cde		2 179.17±72.79e		844.33±66.70c		91.19±0.46ab
	D225	221.25±21.78cd		2 281.25±58.52cd		865.75±12.01bc		91.19±0.01ab
	D270	219.00±25.15cd		2 346.25±18.52bc		907.50±34.12a		90.53±0.44c
	D315	239.00±27.39b		2 340.06±23.00cd		857.67±30.24bc		91.06±0.64abc
	D375	246.17±2.52ab		2 422.50±51.01a		889.50±21.56ab		91.36±0.32ab
S2	D180	230.25±19.79bc		2 266.00±134.52d		866.25±51.21bc		91.36±0.64ab
	D225	200.75±42.18e		2 273.25±250.92cd		879.50±57.80abc		91.64±0.54a
	D270	226.00±43.71bcd		2 320.00±179.97cd		874.25±21.69abc		90.75±0.68bc
	D315	226.33±19.86bcd		2 336.83±93.00cd		879.33±8.96abc		91.04±0.23abc
	D375	350.83±8.49a		2 414.83±82.00ab		781.67±10.96d		90.78±0.43bc

播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	蛋白质含量/% Protein content	湿面筋含量/% Wet gluten content		面筋指数/% Gluten index		吸水率/% Water absorption rate		稳定时间/min Stability time
S1	D180	15.04±0.13a	29.92±2.24a		98.51±0.01a		66.77±2.48d		22.97±0.65ab
	D225	14.94±0.39ab	29.23±3.53a		98.04±0.01a		69.77±4.19a		22.20±1.20bc
	D270	14.70±0.27abc	30.48±1.65a		98.10±0.01a		67.43±1.50cd		21.23±3.23d
	D315	14.58±0.47abc	31.00±1.56a		97.08±0.01a		68.17±1.97bcd		22.90±0.35ab
	D375	14.37±0.81abc	29.93±4.65a		97.19±0.02a		68.23±0.92bcd		23.10±0.35ab
S2	D180	13.83±0.31c	29.68±1.56a		98.11±0.01a		68.97±1.16ab		21.80±0.00cd
	D225	13.92±0.70bc	26.18±3.66b		98.11±0.03a		67.80±0.66bcd		23.30±0.00a
	D270	14.30±0.80abc	29.42±0.43a		97.79±0.01a		67.57±1.87bcd		23.03±0.21ab
	D315	14.29±0.50abc	31.07±3.04a		97.30±0.01a		68.27±1.89bc		23.10±0.17ab
	D375	14.17±0.53abc	29.28±1.63a		97.12±0.02a		68.73±0.64abc		22.83±0.57ab
播期 Sowing date	种植密度 Planting density	粉质质量指数/mm Farinograph quality number		拉伸面积/cm² Stretching area		延伸度/mm Extensibility		最大拉伸阻力/BU Max extension resistance
S1	D180	274±3.52bc		188±21.14de		165±4.04c		904±130.11bc
	D225	226±4.60cd		223±17.32a		174±5.69b		962±70.00a
	D270	317±5.44a		205±1.89bcd		173±9.20b		918±52.80b
	D315	215±16.20d		183±3.18e		156±10.80d		891±11.67bc
	D375	228±8.00cd		188±14.61de		184±6.05a		780±52.09d
S2	D180	267±9.20bc		185±15.91e		173±0.71b		870±44.19c
	D225	300±20.13b		199±24.28cde		159±5.77cd		978±118.68a
	D270	250±15.60bcd		199±2.83cde		159±8.49cd		967±78.14a
	D315	250±8.43bcd		206±8.01bc		181±0.24ab		899±49.50bc
	D375	250±17.40bcd		219±23.33ab		175±1.41b		959±94.28a

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