Mixed Major Gene+Polygene Genetic Analysis of Fruit Shape-related Traits in Oriental Melon

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195296

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aimed to explore the genetic mechanism of fruit shape in oriental melon.The parents,M125(Elongate)and M30(Near round),were used to build the six generation populations,and the genetic patterns of fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and shape index were studied using the method of main gene+multiple gene generation analysis.The results showed that significant positive correlation between fruit longitudinal diameter and shape index,and the correlation values were high in 2021-2023.In three years,the genetic models of fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and shape index were MX2-ADI-ADI,two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic master genes+additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes.In the first-order genetic parameters,the additive effect values of the two main genes controlling the fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and shape index were equal and positive in the three years(d_a=d_b>0),and it had a synergistic effect.The absolute value of the dominant effect of the first pair of major genes controlling fruit longitudinal diameter in 2021 and 2023 was significantly higher than that of the second pair of major genes,while the dominant effect of the second major gene was slightly higher than that of the first pair of major gene in 2022.The additive effects of the two pairs of major genes controlling fruit transverse diameter showed little variation across different years and were all negative,indicating that the dominant effects of the major genes had a negative impact on fruit diameter.The absolute value of the dominant effect of the first pair of major genes controlling fruit shape index was greater than that of the second pair of major genes,indicating that the first pair of major genes played a leading role in the dominant effects.The second-order genetic parameters showed that in the F₂,from 2021 to 2023,the heritability of main genes for fruit longitudinal diameter was 81.51%,72.16%,80.77%,respectively.The heritability of major genes for transverse diameter was 77.88%,69.94%,65.90%,respectively.The heritability of main genes for fruit shape index was 80.41%,70.81%,82.49%,respectively.The inheritance of the three fruit shape traits in Oriental melon is quantitative traits,and the heritability of major genes in F₂ generation was high.Therefore,the three fruit shape traits were selected in early generations during the oriental melon breeding.

Key words: Oriental melon, Fruit shape-related traits, Major gene+polygene, Genetic analysis

CLC Number:

S652.2

CHEN Yingda, JIA Weirong, SUN Hao, PAN Yupeng, ZHANG Lijuan, XU Meng, LIU Zhenning, ZHANG Ning. Mixed Major Gene+Polygene Genetic Analysis of Fruit Shape-related Traits in Oriental Melon[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 29-39. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195296.

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Figures/Tables 11

References 31

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年份 Year	世代 Generation	纵径 Longitudinal diameter			横径 Transverse diameter			果形指数 Fruit shape index
年份 Year	世代 Generation	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV
2021	P₁	52.44	3.94	7.51	4.79	0.44	9.19	11.00	0.86	7.82
	P₂	3.45	0.20	5.80	2.70	0.12	4.44	1.28	0.10	7.81
	F₁	13.43	0.45	3.35	3.48	0.19	5.46	3.86	0.18	4.66
2022	P₁	45.71	5.16	11.29	4.53	0.70	15.45	10.29	1.73	16.81
	P₂	3.55	0.45	12.68	2.40	0.18	7.50	1.48	0.17	11.49
	F₁	11.53	0.86	7.46	3.60	0.19	5.28	3.21	0.25	7.79
2023	P₁	53.57	5.60	10.45	5.05	0.75	14.85	10.77	1.56	14.48
	P₂	3.85	0.27	7.01	2.26	0.18	7.96	1.72	0.19	11.05
	F₁	12.74	0.77	6.04	3.61	0.23	6.37	3.54	0.24	6.78

年份 Year	世代 Generation	纵径 Longitudinal diameter			横径 Transverse diameter			果形指数 Fruit shape index
年份 Year	世代 Generation	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV
2021	P₁	52.44	3.94	7.51	4.79	0.44	9.19	11.00	0.86	7.82
	P₂	3.45	0.20	5.80	2.70	0.12	4.44	1.28	0.10	7.81
	F₁	13.43	0.45	3.35	3.48	0.19	5.46	3.86	0.18	4.66
2022	P₁	45.71	5.16	11.29	4.53	0.70	15.45	10.29	1.73	16.81
	P₂	3.55	0.45	12.68	2.40	0.18	7.50	1.48	0.17	11.49
	F₁	11.53	0.86	7.46	3.60	0.19	5.28	3.21	0.25	7.79
2023	P₁	53.57	5.60	10.45	5.05	0.75	14.85	10.77	1.56	14.48
	P₂	3.85	0.27	7.01	2.26	0.18	7.96	1.72	0.19	11.05
	F₁	12.74	0.77	6.04	3.61	0.23	6.37	3.54	0.24	6.78

年份 Year	性状 Traits	世代 Generation	最大值/cm Maximum	最小值/cm Minimum	标准差 s	均值/cm Mean	变异系数/% CV	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
2021	纵径	F₂	24.60	5.37	3.80	12.24	31.05	0.63	-0.07
		B₁	49.00	21.87	6.06	33.16	18.28	0.53	0.17
		B₂	9.21	3.89	1.19	6.52	18.25	-0.07	-0.06
	横径	F₂	5.42	2.34	0.57	3.77	15.12	0.34	0.65
		B₁	6.34	2.74	0.73	4.10	17.80	1.36	2.63
		B₂	4.44	2.85	0.37	3.45	10.72	0.51	0.00
	果形指数	F₂	6.18	1.81	0.93	3.26	28.53	0.68	-0.13
		B₁	11.55	4.45	1.65	8.22	20.07	0.33	-0.27
		B₂	2.46	1.17	0.29	1.89	15.34	-0.36	0.02
2022	纵径	F₂	20.06	2.85	4.14	11.49	36.03	0.50	-1.08
		B₁	48.50	21.37	5.81	32.48	17.89	0.45	0.22
		B₂	9.51	4.24	1.24	6.86	18.08	-0.03	-0.40
	横径	F₂	5.08	1.80	0.64	3.52	18.18	0.12	0.35
		B₁	8.24	2.43	1.14	4.34	26.27	1.69	3.44
		B₂	3.99	2.67	0.34	3.25	10.46	0.43	-0.24
	果形指数	F₂	5.90	1.28	1.16	3.30	35.15	0.50	-1.19
		B₁	11.25	4.05	1.99	7.84	25.38	-0.12	-0.80
		B₂	2.59	1.37	0.29	2.11	13.74	-0.42	0.01
2023	纵径	F₂	28.28	5.01	5.24	11.96	43.81	1.00	0.05
		B₁	49.00	9.63	9.72	25.76	37.73	0.49	-0.29
		B₂	13.97	3.72	1.66	6.93	23.95	1.07	3.77
	横径	F₂	5.57	1.97	0.66	3.44	19.19	0.95	1.59
		B₁	8.09	2.31	1.28	4.25	30.12	1.04	0.76
		B₂	3.88	2.57	0.31	3.26	9.51	-0.40	-0.04
	果形指数	F₂	7.57	1.79	1.50	3.52	42.61	0.98	-0.26
		B₁	12.61	2.09	2.78	6.53	42.57	0.19	-0.57
		B₂	3.70	1.45	0.41	2.12	19.34	1.07	2.23

年份 Year	性状 Traits	世代 Generation	最大值/cm Maximum	最小值/cm Minimum	标准差 s	均值/cm Mean	变异系数/% CV	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
2021	纵径	F₂	24.60	5.37	3.80	12.24	31.05	0.63	-0.07
		B₁	49.00	21.87	6.06	33.16	18.28	0.53	0.17
		B₂	9.21	3.89	1.19	6.52	18.25	-0.07	-0.06
	横径	F₂	5.42	2.34	0.57	3.77	15.12	0.34	0.65
		B₁	6.34	2.74	0.73	4.10	17.80	1.36	2.63
		B₂	4.44	2.85	0.37	3.45	10.72	0.51	0.00
	果形指数	F₂	6.18	1.81	0.93	3.26	28.53	0.68	-0.13
		B₁	11.55	4.45	1.65	8.22	20.07	0.33	-0.27
		B₂	2.46	1.17	0.29	1.89	15.34	-0.36	0.02
2022	纵径	F₂	20.06	2.85	4.14	11.49	36.03	0.50	-1.08
		B₁	48.50	21.37	5.81	32.48	17.89	0.45	0.22
		B₂	9.51	4.24	1.24	6.86	18.08	-0.03	-0.40
	横径	F₂	5.08	1.80	0.64	3.52	18.18	0.12	0.35
		B₁	8.24	2.43	1.14	4.34	26.27	1.69	3.44
		B₂	3.99	2.67	0.34	3.25	10.46	0.43	-0.24
	果形指数	F₂	5.90	1.28	1.16	3.30	35.15	0.50	-1.19
		B₁	11.25	4.05	1.99	7.84	25.38	-0.12	-0.80
		B₂	2.59	1.37	0.29	2.11	13.74	-0.42	0.01
2023	纵径	F₂	28.28	5.01	5.24	11.96	43.81	1.00	0.05
		B₁	49.00	9.63	9.72	25.76	37.73	0.49	-0.29
		B₂	13.97	3.72	1.66	6.93	23.95	1.07	3.77
	横径	F₂	5.57	1.97	0.66	3.44	19.19	0.95	1.59
		B₁	8.09	2.31	1.28	4.25	30.12	1.04	0.76
		B₂	3.88	2.57	0.31	3.26	9.51	-0.40	-0.04
	果形指数	F₂	7.57	1.79	1.50	3.52	42.61	0.98	-0.26
		B₁	12.61	2.09	2.78	6.53	42.57	0.19	-0.57
		B₂	3.70	1.45	0.41	2.12	19.34	1.07	2.23

性状 Traits	2021			2022			2023
性状 Traits	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Transverse diameter	果形指数 Fruit shape index	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Transverse diameter	果形指数 Fruit shape index	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Transverse diameter	果实指数 Fruit shape index
纵径Longitudinal diameter	1.000	0.416^**	0.870^**	1.000	0.296^**	0.858^**	1.000	0.281^**	0.893^**
横径Transverse diameter		1.000	-0.069		1.000	-0.208^**		1.000	-0.146
果形指数Fruit shape index			1.000			1.000			1.000

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