Study on Dynamic Plant Type Characteristics of Different Double Cropping Super Rice in South China

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193033

Abstract

Abstract:

This study intended to investigate the dynamic shoot characteristics and differences of several super rice cultivars and provide theoretical guidance for super rice breeding and cultivation in the South China rice area.Four super hybrid rice combinations,two super conventional rice varieties,and two high-quality super-high-yielding traditional rice were selected as test materials and applied.We investigated the plant leaf morphology,dry matter weight per unit area,yield at the seedling stage,active tillering stage,secondary panicle branch differentiation stage,initial heading stage and mature stage.The results showed that five dynamic shoot indexes,such as plant height,average number of tillers per plant,leaf morphology,dry matter weight per unit area and yield components,had significant seasonal ecological characteristics.Moreover,except the leave tillering angles from the early and middle stages of growth and development,other key indicators displayed that the super hybrid rice combination was significantly higher than the super conventional rice varieties.In details,the number of effective spikes per unit area,total grains per spike,thousand grains weight,economic coefficient and yield per unit area were significantly higher in the hybrid rice combinations than in the conventional rice varieties;while the spike length and seed setting rate of the conventional rice varieties were extremely significantly higher than those of the hybrid rice combinations.So,the construction of wide adaptation super rice breeding demands early and fast seedling development,high biological yield at mid and late growth stage,and high harvest index at maturity.Meanwhile,conventional rice varieties need to cultivate early and fast development characteristics,improve biological yield,and increase thousand grains weight and total number of grains per spike appropriately as well as maintaining high seed setting rate.Hybrid rice combinations requires to improve seed setting rate.

Key words: Super rice, Double cropping, Different type, Dynamic plant type characteristics

ZHOU Xinqiao, CHEN Dagang, SHAN Zelin, GUO Jie, CHEN Pingli, CHEN Ke, LIU Chuanguang, CHEN Youding. Study on Dynamic Plant Type Characteristics of Different Double Cropping Super Rice in South China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(5): 68-77. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193033.

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References 26

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季节 Season	品种(组合) Variety(Combination)		单株平均茎蘖数 Average tillers per plant			单株平均有效穗数 Average effectual tillers per plant
季节 Season	品种(组合) Variety(Combination)		秧苗期 Seedling stage	分蘖盛期 Active tillering stage	幼穗分化期 The secondary panicle branch differentiation stage	始穗期 Initial heading stage	成熟期 Mature stage
早季	超级常规稻	南桂占	2.11±0.13Ce	10.46±1.06Ff	15.95±1.45ABCDbcd	10.50±1.00BCDEbcde	10.12±1.15BCbcde
Early season		南晶占	2.05±0.14Ce	11.01±0.84DEFef	15.63±2.40ABCDbcd	9.72±0.68CDEdef	9.59±0.51BCcde
		合美占	2.18±0.23Ce	10.86±1.71EFef	14.95±1.52BCDcde	10.85±0.47BCDbcd	10.60±1.17BCbc
		华航31号	2.00±0.13Ce	10.78±2.49Ff	15.09±2.89BCDcde	9.15±1.01Ef	9.11±0.34Ce
	超级杂交稻	五优308	2.10±0.12Ce	15.17±1.81Aa	17.22±1.25ABab	10.75±0.91BCDbcd	10.58±0.85BCbc
		天优华占	2.05±0.14Ce	13.44±1.40ABCbc	16.09±2.34ABCDabcd	10.46±1.38BCDEcde	10.20±1.05BCbcde
		深优1029	2.18±0.23Ce	14.00±1.26ABab	17.53±2.56ABab	10.42±1.36BCDEcde	10.25±1.09BCbcde
		H两优991	2.11±0.17Ce	14.44±1.13ABab	18.08±1.66Aa	12.49±1.40Aa	12.18±1.28Aa
晚季	超级常规稻	南桂占	3.08±0.09ABabc	13.38±1.01ABCbc	14.39±1.20CDde	10.38±1.56BCDEcde	10.13±1.35BCbcde
Late season		南晶占	2.87±0.12Bcd	12.39±0.80BCDEFcde	13.50±0.44De	10.53±0.95BCDEbcde	10.43±0.70BCbcd
		合美占	2.83±0.08Bd	11.45±0.82CDEFdef	15.11±1.33BCDcde	10.64±1.29BCDEbcde	10.53±1.35BCbc
		华航31号	3.08±0.21ABabc	12.91±0.99BCDEbcd	14.28±1.42CDde	9.55±0.91DEef	9.38±0.90Cde
	超级杂交稻	五优308	2.89±0.12Bbcd	14.05±1.22ABab	16.07±1.72ABCDbcd	10.76±0.57BCDbcd	10.42±0.94BCbcd
		天优华占	3.10±0.09ABab	13.91±1.38ABabc	16.67±1.50ABCabc	11.25±0.51ABCbc	11.08±1.23ABab
		深优1029	3.05±0.19ABabcd	12.93±1.02BCDbcd	14.97±1.29BCDcde	9.72±0.53CDEdef	9.48±0.66Ccde
		H两优991	3.22±0.48Aa	14.14±1.59ABab	16.83±1.01ABCabc	11.66±0.71ABab	10.31±0.68BCbcd

季节 Season	品种(组合) Variety(Combination)		单株平均茎蘖数 Average tillers per plant			单株平均有效穗数 Average effectual tillers per plant
季节 Season	品种(组合) Variety(Combination)		秧苗期 Seedling stage	分蘖盛期 Active tillering stage	幼穗分化期 The secondary panicle branch differentiation stage	始穗期 Initial heading stage	成熟期 Mature stage
早季	超级常规稻	南桂占	2.11±0.13Ce	10.46±1.06Ff	15.95±1.45ABCDbcd	10.50±1.00BCDEbcde	10.12±1.15BCbcde
Early season		南晶占	2.05±0.14Ce	11.01±0.84DEFef	15.63±2.40ABCDbcd	9.72±0.68CDEdef	9.59±0.51BCcde
		合美占	2.18±0.23Ce	10.86±1.71EFef	14.95±1.52BCDcde	10.85±0.47BCDbcd	10.60±1.17BCbc
		华航31号	2.00±0.13Ce	10.78±2.49Ff	15.09±2.89BCDcde	9.15±1.01Ef	9.11±0.34Ce
	超级杂交稻	五优308	2.10±0.12Ce	15.17±1.81Aa	17.22±1.25ABab	10.75±0.91BCDbcd	10.58±0.85BCbc
		天优华占	2.05±0.14Ce	13.44±1.40ABCbc	16.09±2.34ABCDabcd	10.46±1.38BCDEcde	10.20±1.05BCbcde
		深优1029	2.18±0.23Ce	14.00±1.26ABab	17.53±2.56ABab	10.42±1.36BCDEcde	10.25±1.09BCbcde
		H两优991	2.11±0.17Ce	14.44±1.13ABab	18.08±1.66Aa	12.49±1.40Aa	12.18±1.28Aa
晚季	超级常规稻	南桂占	3.08±0.09ABabc	13.38±1.01ABCbc	14.39±1.20CDde	10.38±1.56BCDEcde	10.13±1.35BCbcde
Late season		南晶占	2.87±0.12Bcd	12.39±0.80BCDEFcde	13.50±0.44De	10.53±0.95BCDEbcde	10.43±0.70BCbcd
		合美占	2.83±0.08Bd	11.45±0.82CDEFdef	15.11±1.33BCDcde	10.64±1.29BCDEbcde	10.53±1.35BCbc
		华航31号	3.08±0.21ABabc	12.91±0.99BCDEbcd	14.28±1.42CDde	9.55±0.91DEef	9.38±0.90Cde
	超级杂交稻	五优308	2.89±0.12Bbcd	14.05±1.22ABab	16.07±1.72ABCDbcd	10.76±0.57BCDbcd	10.42±0.94BCbcd
		天优华占	3.10±0.09ABab	13.91±1.38ABabc	16.67±1.50ABCabc	11.25±0.51ABCbc	11.08±1.23ABab
		深优1029	3.05±0.19ABabcd	12.93±1.02BCDbcd	14.97±1.29BCDcde	9.72±0.53CDEdef	9.48±0.66Ccde
		H两优991	3.22±0.48Aa	14.14±1.59ABab	16.83±1.01ABCabc	11.66±0.71ABab	10.31±0.68BCbcd

季节 Season		品种(组合) Variety(Combination)				单位面积有效穗数/ (万穗/hm²) Effectual spikes		穗长/cm Spike length		穗粒数 Grains per panicle
早季		超级常规稻		南桂占		305.03±31.58BCcde		23.99±0.51CDbcd		197.81±7.92ABCDabcd
Early season				南晶占		289.10±28.88Cde		23.21±0.49CDcde		194.25±10.13ABCDabcde
				合美占		321.55±24.16ABCbcd		24.83±1.11BCb		194.13±23.23ABCDabcde
				华航31号		274.35±28.91Ce		26.28±0.55ABa		173.28±16.38De
		超级杂交稻		五优308		314.72±18.17BCbcd		23.12±0.20CDcde		212.43±24.36ABa
				天优华		303.26±27.40BCcde		23.27±0.87CDcde		213.06±17.39Aa
				深优1029		306.80±44.05BCbcde		22.26±0.79De		201.96±8.28ABCDabc
				H两优991		371.11±20.79Aa		23.74±1.04CDbcd		201.23±16.16ABCDabc
晚季		超级常规稻		南桂占		314.54±42.99BCbcd		23.91±0.69CDbcd		195.52±20.53ABCDabcde
Late season				南晶占		304.44±20.88BCcde		23.01±0.58CDde		188.28±14.54ABCDbcde
				合美占		319.78±71.95ABCbcd		24.54±0.58BCbc		174.83±30.80CDde
				华航31号		284.38±38.11Cde		27.41±3.69Aa		176.03±34.89CDde
		超级杂交稻		五优308		318.01±23.42BCbcd		23.63±0.77CDbcde		188.32±14.32ABCDbcde
				天优华占		344.56±28.82ABab		23.38±1.40CDcde		181.34±28.94BCDcde
				深优1029		287.33±25.47Cde		24.23±1.12Cbcd		205.31±21.73ABCab
				H两优991		341.02±24.84ABabc		24.10±1.07CDbcd		174.99±16.89CDde
季节 Season	品种(组合) Variety(Combination)				结实率/% Grain filling rate		千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight		产量/(t/hm²) Yield		经济系数 Harvest index
早季	超级常规稻		南桂占		81.66±1.80ABCDabcd		20.81±0.35GHgh		10.23±0.93CDEdef		0.54±0.02EFfg
Early season			南晶占		86.39±0.95Aa		21.35±0.17FGHfg		10.35±1.06BCDEcdef		0.55±0.01DEFefg
			合美占		79.08±2.04BCDcde		20.55±0.63Hh		10.10±1.05CDEdef		0.54±0.03EFfg
			华航31号		85.67±3.97ABa		23.27±0.54CDc		9.43±0.87DEef		0.53±0.03Fg
	超级杂交稻		五优308		76.70±7.39CDde		22.68±0.55DEcd		11.53±0.82ABCab		0.60±0.02ABab
			天优华		68.34±6.66EFf		24.11±0.51Cb		10.59±1.03ABCDEbcd		0.54±0.03EFfg
			深优1029		75.13±6.26DEe		22.72±0.51DEcd		10.49±1.11ABCDEbcde		0.58±0.02ABCDbcd
			H两优991		67.82±5.45Ff		23.27±0.50CDc		11.76±1.31ABa		0.54±0.01EFefg
晚季	超级常规稻		南桂占		83.01±3.03ABCabc		21.60±0.60FGef		10.90±0.74ABCDabcd		0.56±0.02BCDEcde
Late season			南晶占		86.47±1.09Aa		22.17±0.48EFde		10.96±0.77ABCabcd		0.56±0.03CDEFdef
			合美占		79.96±7.01ABCDbcde		21.49±0.45FGHefg		9.28±0.72Ef		0.55±0.02DEFefg
			华航31号		85.23±1.66ABab		24.16±1.18BCb		10.09±0.98CDEdef		0.55±0.02DEFdefg
	超级杂交稻		五优308		79.15±3.60BCDcde		25.17±0.81ABa		11.90±1.02Aa		0.61±0.01Aa
			天优华占		75.55±6.45DEe		25.36±1.22Aa		11.81±1.04ABa		0.59±0.02ABab
			深优1029		75.04±4.47DEFe		25.42±0.56Aa		11.19±1.02ABCabcd		0.61±0.03Aa
			H两优991		75.11±6.61DEe		25.74±0.85Aa		11.47±1.10ABCabc		0.59±0.03ABCabc

季节 Season		品种(组合) Variety(Combination)				单位面积有效穗数/ (万穗/hm²) Effectual spikes		穗长/cm Spike length		穗粒数 Grains per panicle
早季		超级常规稻		南桂占		305.03±31.58BCcde		23.99±0.51CDbcd		197.81±7.92ABCDabcd
Early season				南晶占		289.10±28.88Cde		23.21±0.49CDcde		194.25±10.13ABCDabcde
				合美占		321.55±24.16ABCbcd		24.83±1.11BCb		194.13±23.23ABCDabcde
				华航31号		274.35±28.91Ce		26.28±0.55ABa		173.28±16.38De
		超级杂交稻		五优308		314.72±18.17BCbcd		23.12±0.20CDcde		212.43±24.36ABa
				天优华		303.26±27.40BCcde		23.27±0.87CDcde		213.06±17.39Aa
				深优1029		306.80±44.05BCbcde		22.26±0.79De		201.96±8.28ABCDabc
				H两优991		371.11±20.79Aa		23.74±1.04CDbcd		201.23±16.16ABCDabc
晚季		超级常规稻		南桂占		314.54±42.99BCbcd		23.91±0.69CDbcd		195.52±20.53ABCDabcde
Late season				南晶占		304.44±20.88BCcde		23.01±0.58CDde		188.28±14.54ABCDbcde
				合美占		319.78±71.95ABCbcd		24.54±0.58BCbc		174.83±30.80CDde
				华航31号		284.38±38.11Cde		27.41±3.69Aa		176.03±34.89CDde
		超级杂交稻		五优308		318.01±23.42BCbcd		23.63±0.77CDbcde		188.32±14.32ABCDbcde
				天优华占		344.56±28.82ABab		23.38±1.40CDcde		181.34±28.94BCDcde
				深优1029		287.33±25.47Cde		24.23±1.12Cbcd		205.31±21.73ABCab
				H两优991		341.02±24.84ABabc		24.10±1.07CDbcd		174.99±16.89CDde
季节 Season	品种(组合) Variety(Combination)				结实率/% Grain filling rate		千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight		产量/(t/hm²) Yield		经济系数 Harvest index
早季	超级常规稻		南桂占		81.66±1.80ABCDabcd		20.81±0.35GHgh		10.23±0.93CDEdef		0.54±0.02EFfg
Early season			南晶占		86.39±0.95Aa		21.35±0.17FGHfg		10.35±1.06BCDEcdef		0.55±0.01DEFefg
			合美占		79.08±2.04BCDcde		20.55±0.63Hh		10.10±1.05CDEdef		0.54±0.03EFfg
			华航31号		85.67±3.97ABa		23.27±0.54CDc		9.43±0.87DEef		0.53±0.03Fg
	超级杂交稻		五优308		76.70±7.39CDde		22.68±0.55DEcd		11.53±0.82ABCab		0.60±0.02ABab
			天优华		68.34±6.66EFf		24.11±0.51Cb		10.59±1.03ABCDEbcd		0.54±0.03EFfg
			深优1029		75.13±6.26DEe		22.72±0.51DEcd		10.49±1.11ABCDEbcde		0.58±0.02ABCDbcd
			H两优991		67.82±5.45Ff		23.27±0.50CDc		11.76±1.31ABa		0.54±0.01EFefg
晚季	超级常规稻		南桂占		83.01±3.03ABCabc		21.60±0.60FGef		10.90±0.74ABCDabcd		0.56±0.02BCDEcde
Late season			南晶占		86.47±1.09Aa		22.17±0.48EFde		10.96±0.77ABCabcd		0.56±0.03CDEFdef
			合美占		79.96±7.01ABCDbcde		21.49±0.45FGHefg		9.28±0.72Ef		0.55±0.02DEFefg
			华航31号		85.23±1.66ABab		24.16±1.18BCb		10.09±0.98CDEdef		0.55±0.02DEFdefg
	超级杂交稻		五优308		79.15±3.60BCDcde		25.17±0.81ABa		11.90±1.02Aa		0.61±0.01Aa
			天优华占		75.55±6.45DEe		25.36±1.22Aa		11.81±1.04ABa		0.59±0.02ABab
			深优1029		75.04±4.47DEFe		25.42±0.56Aa		11.19±1.02ABCabcd		0.61±0.03Aa
			H两优991		75.11±6.61DEe		25.74±0.85Aa		11.47±1.10ABCabc		0.59±0.03ABCabc

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