机插苗数和分蘖施氮对华南双季水稻产量和干物质积累的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.027

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摘要为了研究机插苗数和分蘖施氮对华南双季水稻产量、干物质积累和光合特性的影响。在大田试验条件下，以杂交水稻组合超优1000和超级稻品种Y两优1173为研究材料，在基肥施用纯氮量180 kg/hm²条件下，设置2个机插苗数（D1：每穴3苗；D2：每穴5苗）和2个分蘖肥施氮量处理（N1：纯氮0 kg/hm²和N2：纯氮90 kg/hm²），研究了机插苗数和分蘖肥施氮处理对水稻产量及其构成因素、干物质积累量、群体生长率、叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率的影响。结果表明，D2处理显著增加水稻有效穗数，进而提高产量。分蘖肥增施氮肥对超优1000产量影响不显著，但会显著降低Y两优1173产量。干物质积累特性与产量表现一致趋势。高基本苗处理下分蘖肥增施氮肥降低了齐穗期和成熟期的光合作用能力。D2N1处理具有较高有效穗数、净光合速率、齐穗-成熟期群体生长率，并最终获得最高产量，其中，超优1000早晚季产量分别为8.40，7.77 t/hm²，Y两优1173早晚季产量分别为8.87，7.92 t/hm²。因此，合理增加机插苗数并降低分蘖肥施氮量可以获得较高有效穗数和良好光合特性及物质积累特性，并实现高产。

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	汤永坚
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	肖婷
	莫钊文
	潘圣刚
	唐湘如

关键词 ：机插苗数；分蘖施氮；双季水稻；产量；干物质积累

Abstract：The objective of this study was to determine the effects on mechanical transplanting seedling number per hill and tillering nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield,dry weight accumulation,photosynthetic characteristics.A field experiment was conducted with hybrid rice combination (Chaoyou 1000) and super rice variety (Y Liangyou 1173).There were two mechanical transplanting seedling number per hill treatments (D1:3 seedlings sper hill; D2:5 seedlings sper hill),and two tillering nitrogen fertilizer treatments (N1:0 kg/ha; N2:90 kg/ha) conducted with 180 kg/ha at basal.Yield and its related traits,dry weight accumulation,crop growth rate,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate were measured to evaluate the effects of mechanical transplanting seedling number per hill and tillering nitrogen fertilizer and their interaction on rice.The results showed that D2 treatment significantly increased productive panicles number and yield.There was no significant difference in yield by increasing tillering nitrogen fertilizer for Chaoyou 1000,whereas a considerable decrease in yield was observed for Y Liangyou 1173.The dry weight accumulation showed similar trends with yield for both varieties.Besides,photosynthesis of full heading stage and mature stage decreased under higher application of tillering nitrogen fertilizer with D2 treatment.The treatment D2N1 showed higher level of productive panicles number,net photosynthetic rate,crop growth rate of full heading-mature stage.The highest of yield of early and late season was related to D2N1 treatment for both varieties,which was 8.40,7.77 t/ha respectively,for Chaoyou 1000,8.87,7.92 t/ha respectively,for Y Liangyou 1173.Therefore,the rational combination of increment of mechanical transplanting seedling number per hill and reduction of tillering nitrogen fertilizer could be an effective approach to increase productive panicle number and improve photosynthetic and material accumulation characteristics to achieve high yield.

Key words： Mechanical transplanting seedling number per hill ; Tillering nitrogen fertilizer ; Double rice ; Yield ; Dry weight accumulation

收稿日期: 2017-11-27

S511.01

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（31271646）；广东省自然科学基金项目（8151064201000017）；广东省农业攻关项目（2011AO20202001）

通讯作者: 唐湘如(1964-),男,湖南宁乡人,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事作物栽培与生理研究。

作者简介: 汤永坚(1993-),男,广东梅州人,在读硕士,主要从事作物栽培与生理研究。

引用本文:

汤永坚, 王朝欢, 林娇, 程思忍, 肖婷, 莫钊文, 潘圣刚, 唐湘如. 机插苗数和分蘖施氮对华南双季水稻产量和干物质积累的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(1): 185-194. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.027.
TANG Yongjian, WANG Chaohuan, LIN Jiao, CHENG Siren, XIAO Ting, MO Zhaowen, PAN Shenggang, TANG Xiangru. Effects of Mechanical Transplanting Seedlings Number Per Hill and Tillering Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Dry Weight Accumulation of Double Rice in South of China. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2018, 33(1): 185-194. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.027.

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http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.027 或 http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I1/185

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