硅肥对裸燕麦抗倒伏性能及籽粒产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196688

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究硅肥对裸燕麦抗倒伏性能及籽粒产量的影响。采用随机区组设计,以抗倒伏品种白燕2号和倒伏敏感品种张莜9号为材料,于2024-2025年在内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市进行大田试验,设置5个硅肥处理,分别为0(CK),30(Si30),60(Si60),90(Si90),120 kg/hm²(Si120),测定分析不同硅肥处理对裸燕麦倒伏率、籽粒产量、茎秆强度和物质成分的影响。结果表明,硅肥极显著影响裸燕麦倒伏率,在Si60处理,白燕2号、张莜9号倒伏率与CK相比2 a间分别平均降低37.53,33.20百分点。2 a间,白燕2号在Si90处理籽粒产量最高,与CK相比平均提高19.06%;张莜9号在Si60处理籽粒产量最高,与CK相比平均提高28.09%。硅肥可改善茎基部第2节形态,与CK相比,分别平均降低裸燕麦茎基部第2节长19.82%,增加茎基部第2节粗18.17%,增加茎基部第2节壁厚41.77%。硅肥可增强裸燕麦茎秆机械强度,与CK相比,裸燕麦茎秆抗折力、茎秆穿刺强度、茎秆压碎强度分别平均增强27.78%,24.39%,16.33%。硅肥极显著影响裸燕麦茎基部第2节纤维素、硅含量,与CK相比,分别平均提高裸燕麦茎基部第2节纤维素含量、硅含量3.63%,11.32%。上述结果表明,针对抗倒伏裸燕麦品种施用硅肥90 kg/hm²可以保证籽粒产量最高且其抗倒伏性能不受影响;倒伏敏感品种施用硅肥60 kg/hm²抗倒伏性能、籽粒产量最高。

关键词: 裸燕麦, 硅肥, 抗倒伏性能, 籽粒产量, 倒伏率

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance and grain yield of naked oats,a randomized block design was adopted.Using the lodging-resistant variety Baiyan 2 and the lodging-susceptible variety Zhangyou 9 as materials,a field experiment was conducted in Ulanqab City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,from 2024 to 2025.Five silicon fertilizer treatments were applied:0(CK),30(Si30),60(Si60),90(Si90),and 120 kg/ha(Si120).Measurements and analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of different silicon fertilizer treatments on lodging rate,grain yield,stem strength,and stem material composition of naked oats.The results showed that silicon fertilizer had a highly significant effect on the lodging rate of naked oats,compared with CK,the lodging rates of Baiyan 2 and Zhangyou 9 under the Si60 treatment were reduced by an average of 37.53 and 33.20 percentage points.Over the two-year period,the grain yield of Baiyan 2 peaked under the Si90 treatment,showing an average increase of 19.06% compared to CK;the grain yield of Zhangyou 9 peaked under the Si60 treatment,showing an average increase of 28.09% compared to CK.Silicon fertilizer improved the morphology of the second basal internode.Compared with CK,it significantly reduced the second internode length of naked oats by 19.82%;increased the second internode diameter of naked oats by 18.17%;and increased the second internode wall thickness of naked oats by 41.77%.Silicon fertilizer significantly enhanced the mechanical strength of naked oat stems,compared with CK,the stem breaking resistance,stem puncture strength,and stem crushing strength of naked oats increased significantly by 27.78%,24.39%,and 16.33%.Silicon fertilizer exerted a highly significant effect on the cellulose and silicon content in the second basal internode of naked oats.Compared with CK,it increased the cellulose content and silicon content in the second basal internode by 3.63% and 11.32%.The above results indicate that for lodging-resistant naked oat varieties,applying silicon fertilizer at 90 kg/ha ensures the highest grain yield while maintaining lodging resistance,and for lodging-sensitive varieties,applying silicon fertilizer at 60 kg/ha achieves the highest levels of both lodging resistance and grain yield.

Key words: Naked oats, Silicon fertilizer, Lodging resistance, Grain yield, Lodging rate

中图分类号:

刘渴鑫, 杨林, 赵宝平, 王凤梧, 郑成忠, 王千军, 梅雪. 硅肥对裸燕麦抗倒伏性能及籽粒产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(5): 188-198. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196688.

LIU Kexin, YANG Lin, ZHAO Baoping, WANG Fengwu, ZHENG Chengzhong, WANG Qianjun, MEI Xue. Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield in Naked Oats[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 188-198. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196688.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I5/188

图/表 17

参考文献 30

[1]	刘宁, 张可一, 金保伟, 雷雅坤, 胡景辉, 李树仁, 孙丽敏. 特色杂粮生物活性物质功能及对高血压的保健功效[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1):404-411.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2019.01.961.
	Liu N, Zhang K Y, Jin B W, Lei Y K, Hu J H, Li S R, Sun L M. The function of bioactive substances in special grains and its health care effect on hypertension[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2019, 34(S1):404-411. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201901961
[2]	张靓, 梁小玉, 胡远彬, 季扬, 易军, 汪辉. 燕麦抗倒伏性研究进展[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2024, 44(1):74-81.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2024.01.09.
	Zhang L, Liang X Y, Hu Y B, Ji Y, Yi J, Wang H. Research progress on lodging resistance in oat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2024, 44(1):74-81.
[3]	陈有军, 周青平, 孙建, 田莉华. 不同燕麦品种田间倒伏性状研究[J]. 作物杂志, 2016(5):44-49.doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2016.05.008.
	Chen Y J, Zhou Q P, Sun J, Tian L H. Comparison of lodging resistance among different oats(Avena sativa L.)[J]. Crops, 2016(5):44-49.
[4]	梁国玲, 刘文辉, 张永超, 刘勇. 倒伏发生对燕麦籽粒灌浆进程及非结构性碳水化物的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(4):1024-1033.doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.04.020.
	Liang G L, Liu W H, Zhang Y C, Liu Y. Effect of lodging on the grain filling process and non-structure carbohydrate of oats[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(4):1024-1033.
[5]	Kashiwagi T, Hirotsu N, Ujiie K, Ishimaru K. Lodging resistance locus prl5 improves physical strength of the lower plant part under different conditions of fertilization in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Field Crops Research, 2010, 115(1):107-115.doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2009.10.011. URL
[6]	邱菁华. 间歇灌溉与硅肥施用对水稻产量及品质的影响[D]. 天津: 天津农学院, 2023.doi:10.27717/d.cnki.gtjnx.2023.000085.
	Qiu J H. Effects on the yield and quality of rice under intermittent irrigation and silicon fertilizer application[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin Agricultural University, 2023.
[7]	林少雯, 刘树堂, 隋凯强, 皇甫呈惠. 水分胁迫下硅素对玉米苗期生理生化性状的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(1):160-167.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.024.
	Lin S W, Liu S T, Sui K Q, Huangfu C H. Effects of silicon on corn physiological and biochemical characters under the conditions of water stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(1):160-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.024
[8]	赵爱宣, 次旦卓嘎, 谭畅, 卓嘎. 硅肥对青稞品系5171-7茎秆抗倒相关性状的影响[J]. 高原农业, 2022, 6(1):11-15,54.doi:10.19707/j.cnki.jpa.2022.01.002.
	Zhao A X, Cidan Z, Tan C, Zhuoga. Effects of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance of highland barley 5171-7 stem[J]. Journal of Plateau Agriculture, 2022, 6(1):11-15,54.
[9]	陈茜午, 温蕊, 张永虎. 叶面喷施硅肥对谷子生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2020, 48(1):56-60.doi:10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.01.11.
	Chen Q W, Wen R, Zhang Y H. Effects of foliar liquid silicon fertilizer on millet growth development and yield[J]. Journal of Northern Agriculture, 2020, 48(1):56-60. doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2020.01.11
[10]	杨钰洁. 施硅对燕麦抗倒伏性状及种子产量的影响[D]. 西宁: 青海大学, 2022.doi:10.27740/d.cnki.gqhdx.2022.000590.
	Yang Y J. Effects of silicon application on lodging resistance and seed yield of oat[D]. Xining: Qinghai University, 2022.
[11]	付鹏浩, 陈泠, 刘易科, 朱展望, 佟汉文, 张宇庆, 邹娟. 硅肥对小麦茎秆抗倒伏特性、产量和品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(6):160-167.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195687.
	Fu P H, Chen L, Liu Y K, Zhu Z W, Tong H W, Zhang Y Q, Zou J. Effects of silicon fertilizers on stem lodging resistance,yield and quality of wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(6):160-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195687
[12]	王怀鹏, 张翼飞, 杨克军, 王玉凤, 陈天宇, 吴琼, 尹雪巍, 武鹏, 杨丽, 庞晨, 菅立群, 张继卫. 硅肥不同喷施浓度对玉米抗倒伏性能及产量构成的调控效应[J]. 玉米科学, 2020, 28(3):111-118.doi:10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20200315.
	Wang H P, Zhang Y F, Yang K J, Wang Y F, Chen T Y, Wu Q, Yin X W, Wu P, Yang L, Pang C, Jian L Q, Zhang J W. Regulating effects of different silicon fertilizer concentrations for foliar application on maize lodging resistance and yield components[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2020, 28(3):111-118.
[13]	胡文斌. 不同时期施用生物硅肥对水稻产量的影响[J]. 种子科技, 2025, 43(4):16-18.doi:10.19904/j.cnki.cn14-1160/s.2025.04.005.
	Hu W B. Effect of applying biological silicon fertilizer at different stages on rice yield[J]. Seed Science & Technology, 2025, 43(4):16-18.
[14]	刘晓静, 李永平, 梁帝允, 刘晓鹏, 范仲舒, 赵振华. 水溶性硅肥对玉米抗逆性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农技推广, 2020, 36(8):58-60.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-381X.2020.08.023.
	Liu X J, Li Y P, Liang D Y, Liu X P, Fan Z S, Zhao Z H. Effect of water-soluble silicon fertilizer on stress resistance and yield of maize[J]. China Agricultural Technology Extension, 2020, 36(8):58-60.
[15]	郝立冬, 于立河, 郭伟, 薛赢文, 郭玉. 硅肥对春小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2013, 25(2):1-4,16.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2090.2013.02.001.
	Hao L D, Yu L H, Guo W, Xue Y W, Guo Y. Effect of silicon fertilizer on the growth and yield of spring wheat[J]. Journal of Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, 2013, 25(2):1-4,16.
[16]	占国艳, 卢信, 潘晓威, 潘政, 梁耀辉, 陈淑贤, 刘丽丽, 叶剑芝. 不同因素对柠檬酸浸提-硅钼蓝比色法测试土壤有效硅的影响及优化措施[J]. 中国无机分析化学, 2023, 13(6):609-615.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1035.2023.06.015.
	Zhan G Y, Lu X, Pan X W, Pan Z, Liang Y H, Chen S X, Liu L L, Ye J Z. Influence of different factors on the detection of available silicon in soil by citric acid leaching-silica molybdenum blue colorimetric method and its optimization measures[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2023, 13(6):609-615.
[17]	周灿灿, 宋晓明, 陈夫山. 硝酸-乙醇法提取姜秆纤维素的研究[J]. 齐鲁工业大学学报, 2016, 30(2):12-16.doi:10.16442/j.cnki.qlgydxxb.2016.02.003.
	Zhou C C, Song X M, Chen F S. Study of cellulose fiber extraction from ginger stalk by nitric acid-ethanol treatment[J]. Journal of Qilu University of Technology, 2016, 30(2):12-16.
[18]	高莹, 田艳洪. 硅肥不同用量对水稻生长及产量的影响[J]. 现代化农业, 2022(12):26-28.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0254-2022.12.008.
	Gao Y, Tian Y H. Effects of different dosage of silicon fertilizer on rice growth and yield[J]. Modernizing Agriculture, 2022(12):26-28.
[19]	刘红芳, 宋阿琳, 范分良, 李兆君, 梁永超. 高供氮水平下不同硅肥对水稻茎秆特征的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(3):758-768.doi:10.11674/zwyf.17485.
	Liu H F, Song A L, Fan F L, Li Z J, Liang Y C. Characteristics of rice stem in response to different silicon fertilizers under high nitrogen supply level[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(3):758-768.
[20]	刘亚锋, 柴继宽, 李璇, 赵桂琴, 南铭, 向达兵. 饲用燕麦种质资源茎秆强度相关性状分析与评价[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(12):4081-4089.doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.12.020.
	Liu Y F, Chai J K, Li X, Zhao G Q, Nan M, Xiang D B. Evaluation and analysis of stem strength-related traits in oat germplasm resources[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(12):4081-4089.
[21]	杨钰洁, 梁国玲, 刘文辉, 于万美, 杨晶, 段连学. 硅肥对青藏高原高寒地区燕麦抗倒伏性状及种子产量的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2022, 39(3):551-561.doi:10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2021-0315.
	Yang Y J, Liang G L, Liu W H, Yu W M, Yang J, Duan L X. Effects of silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance traits and seed yield of Avena sativa in the alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2022, 39(3):551-561.
[22]	翁飞, 汪溢, 李庆魁, 许乃霞. 叶面喷施硅肥对粳稻抗倒伏能力的影响[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2025, 31(2):10-13.doi:10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.02.002.
	Weng F, Wang Y, Li Q K, Xu N X. Effects of spraying foliar silicon fertilizer on lodging resistance of japonica rice[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 31(2):10-13.
[23]	石扬娟, 康勇, 刘玉坤, 李金叶, 周武新, 董昌升. 硅肥施用量对不同水稻品种植株抗倒伏能力的影响[J]. 现代农业科技, 2023(19):12-14, 18.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2023.19.004.
	Shi Y J, Kang Y, Liu Y K, Li J Y, Zhou W X, Dong C S. Effect of silicon fertilizer application rate on lodging resistance of different rice varieties[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023(19):12-14,18.
[24]	车飞伟, 崔士友, 陈澎军, 韩继军, 张瑞. 叶面喷施硅肥对沿海滩涂水稻茎秆形态、力学性状、抗倒伏能力和产量的影响[J]. 大麦与谷类科学, 2024, 41(5):54-67.doi:10.14069/j.cnki.32-1769/s.2024.05.009.
	Che F W, Cui S Y, Chen P J, Han J J, Zhang R. Effects of foliar silicon fertilizer application on stem morphology,mechanical properties,lodging resistance and yield of rice in coastal mudflat[J]. Barley and Cereal Sciences, 2024, 41(5):54-67.
[25]	Liu W G, Hussain S, Liu T, Zou J L, Ren M L, Zhou T, Liu J, Yang F, Yang W Y. Shade stress decreases stem strength of soybean through restraining lignin biosynthesis[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019, 18(1):43-53.doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(18)61905-7. URL
[26]	Tian B H, Liu L Y, Zhang L X, Song S X, Wang J G, Wu L F, Li H J. Characterization of culm morphology,anatomy and chemical composition of foxtail millet cultivars differing in lodging resistance[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015, 153(8):1437-1448.doi:10.1017/S0021859614001105. URL
[27]	Knapp J S, Harms C L, Volenec J J. Growth regulator effects on wheat culm nonstructural and structural carbohydrates and Lignin[J]. Crop Science, 1987, 27(6):1201-1205.doi:10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183x002700060022x. URL
[28]	Guo Y, Hu Y M, Chen H, Yan P S, Du Q G, Wang Y F, Wang H Q, Wang Z H, Kang D M, Li W X. Identification of traits and genes associated with lodging resistance in maize[J]. The Crop Journal, 2021, 9(6):1408-1417.doi:10.1016/j.cj.2021.01.002. URL
[29]	张万祥, 耿小丽, 武慧娟, 付萍. 纳米硅肥对燕麦抗倒伏性和种子产量的影响[J]. 中国草食动物科学, 2025, 45(4):59-65.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3887.2025.00.036.
	Zhang W X, Geng X L, Wu H J, Fu P. Effects of nano-silicon fertilizer on the lodging resistance and seed yield of oat[J]. China Herbivore Science, 2025, 45(4):59-65.
[30]	齐一鸣. 基于Meta分析的农艺措施对水稻产量和倒伏性状的影响[D]. 南昌: 江西农业大学, 2025.doi:10.27177/d.cnki.gjxnu.2025.000231.
	Qi Y M. Impacts of agronomic practices on rice yield and lodging characteristics:a meta-analysis[D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2025.

年份 Year	有机质/ (g/kg) Organic matter	全氮/(g/kg) Total nitrogen	碱解氮/(mg/kg) Hydrolyzable nitrogen	有效磷/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available potassium	有效硅/(mg/kg) Available silicon	pH值 pH value
2024	24.48	1.92	74.32	27.83	159.85	86.95	8.37
2025	28.62	2.00	99.69	44.89	211.38	71.55	7.61

年份 Year	有机质/ (g/kg) Organic matter	全氮/(g/kg) Total nitrogen	碱解氮/(mg/kg) Hydrolyzable nitrogen	有效磷/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available potassium	有效硅/(mg/kg) Available silicon	pH值 pH value
2024	24.48	1.92	74.32	27.83	159.85	86.95	8.37
2025	28.62	2.00	99.69	44.89	211.38	71.55	7.61

变异来源 Source of variation	籽粒产量/(t/hm²) Grain yield	倒伏率/% Lodging rate
Y	^**	^**
V	^**	^*
Si	^**	^**
Y×V	ns	ns
Y×Si	^**	^**
V×Si	ns	^*
Y×V×Si	ns	^**

变异来源 Source of variation	籽粒产量/(t/hm²) Grain yield	倒伏率/% Lodging rate
Y	^**	^**
V	^**	^*
Si	^**	^**
Y×V	ns	ns
Y×Si	^**	^**
V×Si	ns	^*
Y×V×Si	ns	^**

年份 Year	品种 Variety	硅肥处理 Silicon fertilizer treatment	单位面积穗数/(穗/m²) Panicle number per unit area	小穗数 Spikelets panicle	穗粒数 Grains per panicle	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight
2024	白燕2号	CK	296.00±50.91b	25.50±2.76c	53.67±3.97c	20.06±0.68c
		Si30	287.00±59.00b	26.50±4.36c	63.17±12.87bc	20.48±0.93bc
		Si60	304.00±21.91b	32.33±2.48ab	71.25±7.87ab	21.84±1.30ab
		Si90	363.00±67.99ab	35.83±4.98a	80.08±12.97a	22.28±0.72a
		Si120	388.00±14.24a	28.67±2.26bc	60.75±5.40bc	19.95±1.28c
	张莜9号	CK	271.00±52.60b	32.75±5.29ab	62.33±10.94ab	19.72±2.12ab
		Si30	249.00±14.00b	27.25±3.37b	51.67±3.54b	19.93±0.61ab
		Si60	299.00±18.29b	35.83±4.12a	73.92±17.44ab	21.26±0.82a
		Si90	278.00±30.20b	39.50±2.08a	77.92±22.13a	21.14±1.43a
		Si120	357.00±48.70a	34.83±5.28a	68.17±17.73ab	18.27±1.57b
2025	白燕2号	CK	277.33±12.22c	32.75±4.83bc	52.38±6.16b	21.75±1.08b
		Si30	276.00±10.58c	32.38±4.93c	50.00±8.42b	22.76±1.74ab
		Si60	345.33±18.90b	43.88±4.42a	66.63±8.19a	23.20±1.23ab
		Si90	344.00±18.33b	43.50±2.78a	63.25±5.99a	23.98±1.50a
		Si120	385.33±4.62a	37.13±4.55b	54.13±10.70b	22.12±1.41b
	张莜9号	CK	313.33±26.03b	35.50±5.48c	70.13±6.92bc	24.94±1.82c
		Si30	292.00±28.00b	40.75±5.57bc	68.25±9.18c	24.86±1.07c
		Si60	374.67±18.04a	44.50±5.40ab	76.38±5.18ab	26.89±0.84ab
		Si90	381.33±18.04a	47.88±4.12a	77.25±4.20a	27.94±1.95a
		Si120	390.67±22.03a	39.00±5.55bc	69.13±6.24c	26.11±1.25bc

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容