摘要：

为明确不同类型玉米品种青贮产量对种植模式的反应,以苍郁338(CY338,稀植品种)和农大372(ND372,耐密品种)为试验材料,于 2023,2024 年设置常规种植模式(CT)、1∶1∶2模式(1∶1∶2)、双株模式(DP)和40+80模式(40+80)共计4个模式在大田环境下开展试验。结果表明:生育期内玉米植株、单穗干质量(干产)逐渐增加,鲜质量(鲜产)逐渐下降,不同模式对玉米干鲜质量及产量影响差异较大,其中干鲜质量表现为CT>40+80>1∶1∶2>DP,而采用DP模式和1∶1∶2模式植株产量显著高于其他模式,全穗产量年度间差异较大,CT模式(2023)和DP模式(2024)下的全穗产量最高,1∶1∶2模式下次之。品种间单株、单穗干鲜质量以CY338显著高于ND372,而产量反之,年度变化基本一致。两品种的植株和单穗干鲜质量对种植模式的反应均表现为CT模式最高,DP模式最低。其他模式下,除了2023年ND372植株干鲜质量以外,品种干鲜质量均表现为40+80模式高于1∶1∶2模式。而品种的产量对种植模式的反应与干鲜质量差异较大,40+80模式不利于2个品种植株及全穗高产,采用DP模式和1∶1∶2模式植株产量高于其他模式,且除了降雨较多的2023年ND372以外,试验年度内两品种均以DP模式最高;2个品种的全穗产量除了降雨较少的2024年CY338以DP模式最高,1∶1∶2模式次之以外,其他年份及品种的最高产量均以CT模式最高。因此,种植模式改变了品种的植株及穗部性状,选择具有较高耐密性玉米品种可实现植株与全穗青贮产量的提高,以植株青贮为主要收获目标前提下采用DP模式可实现产量的大幅度提升(多雨年耐密品种选择1∶1∶2模式),以全穗青贮为主要收获目标时采用CT模式(少雨年份稀植品种采用DP模式)可获得较高的收获效益。

关键词: 夏玉米, 种植模式, 品种, 产量

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 to investigate the response of silage yield in different types of summer maize varieties to various planting patterns.Two varieties,Cangyu 338(CY338,a low-density tolerant variety)and Nongda 372(ND372,a density-tolerant variety),were selected as experimental materials.Four planting patterns were established,including conventional mode(CT),1∶1∶2 mode(1∶1∶2),double plant mode(DP),and 40+80 mode(40+80).Results showed that the dry weight(dry yield)of maize plants and whole ears increased gradually,while the fresh weight(fresh yield)declined during the maize growth period.Significant differences in dry and fresh weight,as well as yield,were observed among the different planting patterns.The dry and fresh weight showed as follows:CT>40+80>1∶1∶2>DP,however,higher plant yield was achieved under DP and 1∶1∶2 patterns.The highest whole ear yield was obtained under CT in 2023 and DP in 2024,followed by the 1∶1∶2 pattern.Additionally,there were significant annual variations in whole ear yield.Dry and fresh weight per plant and whole ear of CY338 were higher than those of ND372,whereas the yield exhibited the opposite trend.A similar changing trend was observed across different years.The response of dry and fresh weight per plant and whole ear to planting patterns indicated that CT resulted in the highest values,while DP yielded the lowest.Except for the dry and fresh weight per plant of ND372 in 2023 under other planting patterns,the 40+80 pattern generally produced higher dry and fresh weights compared to the 1∶1∶2 pattern.In contrast to dry and fresh weight,variety yield exhibited significant variations.The lowest yield for both plant and whole ear was observed under the 40+80 pattern.However,plant yield under the DP and 1∶1∶2 patterns exceeded that of other patterns.Notably,the DP pattern achieved the highest yield,except for ND372 in 2023,which experienced higher precipitation during the experiment.For CY338 in 2024,a year with less precipitation,the DP pattern yielded the highest whole ear production,followed by the 1∶1∶2 pattern,while other varieties showed the highest yield under the CT pattern.In conclusion,planting patterns significantly influence plant and ear characteristics.Corn varieties with high-density tolerance can achieve increased plant and whole ear silage yields.The DP pattern is particularly effective for enhancing plant silage yield(with the 1∶1∶2 pattern being suitable for density-tolerant varieties in rainy years),while the CT pattern is more effective for whole ear silage yield(with the DP pattern being advantageous for low-density-tolerant varieties in the years with less rainfall).

Key words: Summer maize, Planting pattern, Variety, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S513玉米(玉蜀黍)