不同品质小麦的转录组比较分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194398

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了从转录水平阐明小麦品质调控的分子机制,通过对石麦15籽粒进行⁶⁰Co-γ辐射诱变获得了2个诱变品系(A94和A261),对石麦15、A94和A261开花后第7,14,21,28天的发育籽粒进行了转录组测序,同时测定了其面粉的吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和粉质质量指数。结果表明,2个诱变品系的粉质参数均优于石麦15。24个发育籽粒样品经转录组测序,数据过滤和注释后,共得到26 714个基因。与石麦15相比,A94在4个时间点分别有1 042,258,301,366个差异表达基因(DEGs),A261分别有 2 178,248,117,959个差异表达基因。KEGG富集结果表明,DEGs主要参与淀粉和蔗糖代谢通路和内质网蛋白加工;GO富集显示,DEGs主要参与了糖原生物合成过程、造粉体等生物学过程。通过对这些通路和生物学过程中的差异基因分析,推测2个诱变品系品质提高的原因包括灌浆早期蔗糖和淀粉合成与代谢相关基因上调、中后期错误折叠蛋白的降解、蛋白和淀粉积累调控基因的差异表达等。

关键词: 小麦, 品质, 诱变, 转录组, 淀粉, 蛋白

Abstract:

In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of flour-quality regulation at the transcriptional level,wheat mutant varieties A94 and A261 were obtained by ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation mutagenesis of Shimai 15,and the developing seeds at days 7,14,21 and 28 after flowering were subjected to transcriptome sequencing,and water absorption,dough development time,stable time,softening degree and farinogram index of the three varieties were measured.The results showed that farinogram parameters of two mutant varieties were better than those of Shimai 15.Twenty-four samples were sequenced,and after the data were filtered and annotated,a total of 26 714 genes were identified.With respect to Shimai 15,there were 1 042,258,301 and 366 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)at four time points in A94,respectively,and there were 2 178,248,117 and 959 DEGs in A261,respectively.KEGG enrichment showed that DEGs were mainly involved in pathways of starch and sucrose metabolism,protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum.GO enrichment showed that DEGs were mainly involved in glycogen biosynthesis processes,amyloplast and other biological processes.By analyzing the differential genes in these pathways and biological processes,it was hypothesized that the reasons for the improved flour quality in the mutant varieties include the up-regulation of genes related to sucrose and starch synthesis and metabolism in the early stages of filling,the degradation of misfolded proteins in the middle and late stages,and the differential expression of genes regulating protein and starch accumulation.

Key words: Wheat, Flour quality, Mutagenesis, Transcriptome, Starch, Protein

中图分类号:

李亚青, 张楠, 彭义峰, 张士昌, 何明琦, 史占良, 李孟军. 不同品质小麦的转录组比较分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 20-28. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194398.

LI Yaqing, ZHANG Nan, PENG Yifeng, ZHANG Shichang, HE Mingqi, SHI Zhanliang, LI Mengjun. Comparative Analysis on the Transcriptome Profile of Wheat with Different Flour Qualities[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 20-28. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194398.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/20

图/表 9

参考文献 33

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品种 Variety	吸水率/% Water absorption	形成时间/min Development time	稳定时间/min Stable time	弱化度/BU Softening degree	粉质质量指数 Farinogram quality number
石麦15 Shimai 15	60.6	2.2	1.2	195	29
A94	59.3	3.5	3.2	118	49
A261	59.7	2.9	3.0	109	45

品种 Variety	吸水率/% Water absorption	形成时间/min Development time	稳定时间/min Stable time	弱化度/BU Softening degree	粉质质量指数 Farinogram quality number
石麦15 Shimai 15	60.6	2.2	1.2	195	29
A94	59.3	3.5	3.2	118	49
A261	59.7	2.9	3.0	109	45

样品 Samples	清洁序列 Clean reads	清洁碱基数 Clean bases	GC含量/% GC content	Q30碱基率/% ≥Q30	配对序列(百分比) Mapped reads(percentage)
A261-14-1	35 481 965	10 603 342 024	52.77	91.71	57 193 498(80.60%)
A261-14-2	32 898 865	9 723 562 004	50.29	90.72	46 989 482(71.42%)
A261-21-1	33 946 628	10 165 735 340	52.93	90.29	53 956 147(79.47%)
A261-21-2	38 972 555	11 648 691 086	53.20	90.88	61 017 431(78.28%)
A261-28-1	44 257 733	13 231 568 456	55.23	92.37	77 802 729(87.90%)
A261-28-2	49 355 341	14 745 610 004	52.95	90.41	72 956 542(73.91%)
A261-7-1	36 185 229	10 823 893 150	55.72	94.05	67 154 530(92.79%)
A261-7-2	36 228 337	10 835 819 066	55.96	93.89	67 353 995(92.96%)
A94-14-1	35 418 707	10 574 388 830	52.88	90.18	54 682 919(77.19%)
A94-14-2	36 077 963	10 759 597 154	52.79	91.31	56 627 752(78.48%)
A94-21-1	35 582 247	10 626 652 626	52.77	90.65	53 968 799(75.84%)
A94-21-2	36 046 005	10 752 254 566	52.26	90.62	52 936 574(73.43%)
A94-28-1	43 508 983	12 968 858 488	53.44	90.44	65 095 024(74.81%)
A94-28-2	39 868 305	11 901 710 834	53.36	90.42	60 524 470(75.91%)
A94-7-1	39 638 786	11 852 116 112	55.84	93.40	73 767 842(93.05%)
A94-7-2	34 712 438	10 388 916 222	55.39	93.93	64 567 990(93.00%)
S15-14-1	34 535 415	10 321 437 346	52.76	91.35	52 834 434(76.49%)
S15-14-2	37 297 128	11 117 844 784	52.36	91.00	54 218 161(72.68%)
S15-21-1	34 796 650	10 374 910 010	51.97	90.33	47 807 168(68.70%)
S15-21-2	36 874 933	11 021 599 918	52.46	91.07	52 894 588(71.72%)
S15-28-1	37 430 294	11 164 262 956	55.05	90.80	59 261 949(79.16%)
S15-28-2	35 727 879	10 686 500 928	53.94	90.07	53 327 190(74.63%)
S15-7-1	37 006 995	11 067 505 840	55.19	92.75	66 579 079(89.95%)
S15-7-2	38 794 986	11 579 487 666	53.69	91.91	60 253 378(77.66%)

样品 Samples	清洁序列 Clean reads	清洁碱基数 Clean bases	GC含量/% GC content	Q30碱基率/% ≥Q30	配对序列(百分比) Mapped reads(percentage)
A261-14-1	35 481 965	10 603 342 024	52.77	91.71	57 193 498(80.60%)
A261-14-2	32 898 865	9 723 562 004	50.29	90.72	46 989 482(71.42%)
A261-21-1	33 946 628	10 165 735 340	52.93	90.29	53 956 147(79.47%)
A261-21-2	38 972 555	11 648 691 086	53.20	90.88	61 017 431(78.28%)
A261-28-1	44 257 733	13 231 568 456	55.23	92.37	77 802 729(87.90%)
A261-28-2	49 355 341	14 745 610 004	52.95	90.41	72 956 542(73.91%)
A261-7-1	36 185 229	10 823 893 150	55.72	94.05	67 154 530(92.79%)
A261-7-2	36 228 337	10 835 819 066	55.96	93.89	67 353 995(92.96%)
A94-14-1	35 418 707	10 574 388 830	52.88	90.18	54 682 919(77.19%)
A94-14-2	36 077 963	10 759 597 154	52.79	91.31	56 627 752(78.48%)
A94-21-1	35 582 247	10 626 652 626	52.77	90.65	53 968 799(75.84%)
A94-21-2	36 046 005	10 752 254 566	52.26	90.62	52 936 574(73.43%)
A94-28-1	43 508 983	12 968 858 488	53.44	90.44	65 095 024(74.81%)
A94-28-2	39 868 305	11 901 710 834	53.36	90.42	60 524 470(75.91%)
A94-7-1	39 638 786	11 852 116 112	55.84	93.40	73 767 842(93.05%)
A94-7-2	34 712 438	10 388 916 222	55.39	93.93	64 567 990(93.00%)
S15-14-1	34 535 415	10 321 437 346	52.76	91.35	52 834 434(76.49%)
S15-14-2	37 297 128	11 117 844 784	52.36	91.00	54 218 161(72.68%)
S15-21-1	34 796 650	10 374 910 010	51.97	90.33	47 807 168(68.70%)
S15-21-2	36 874 933	11 021 599 918	52.46	91.07	52 894 588(71.72%)
S15-28-1	37 430 294	11 164 262 956	55.05	90.80	59 261 949(79.16%)
S15-28-2	35 727 879	10 686 500 928	53.94	90.07	53 327 190(74.63%)
S15-7-1	37 006 995	11 067 505 840	55.19	92.75	66 579 079(89.95%)
S15-7-2	38 794 986	11 579 487 666	53.69	91.91	60 253 378(77.66%)

分组 Group	基因 Gene	基因个数 Gene count	上调/下调 Up/Down
A261-7 vs. S15-7	Cul1	4	上调
	EDEM	1	上调
	ERO1	3	上调
	GH47	1	上调
	Hsp20	11	上调
	Hsp70	5	混合
	Hsp90	3	上调
	Sec61	3	上调
	Skp1	1	下调
	PDIs	4	上调
	RMA3	2	上调
A261-14 vs. S15-14	HSP90	2	上调

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