摘要： 为明确气候变暖和有机无机肥配施对大豆生长发育和产量的影响,通过红外辐射增温设备模拟田间增温,设置不同温度水平(T0: 环境温度;T1: 增温2.9 ℃)和不同施肥措施(SF: 单施无机肥;OF:有机无机肥配施),探究增温和有机无机肥配施对大豆干物质积累、光合速率、叶片酶活性和产量的影响。结果表明: 相比于环境温度,增温造成2023—2024年大豆花前和花后生育期分别缩短3~4 d,5~6 d;增温降低盛荚期叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性,降低大豆叶面积和净光合速率,导致花后株高和地上部干物质积累分别降低9.0%~13.7%,4.1%~19.3%;相比于单施无机肥,有机无机肥配施显著提高了叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性,增加了花后光合速率,促进了大豆的生长发育,干物质积累显著增加4.1%~15.3%。硝酸还原酶和谷丙转氨酶活性存在显著交互作用。产量结果表明,增温条件下单株荚数和单株粒数分别下降9.7%~16.6%,13.3%~19.0%,造成产量显著降低13.7%~21.1%;而有机无机肥配施条件下,单株粒数显著增加12.5%,单株荚数显著增加9.9%~10.5%,导致增产7.6%~10.8%。同时,叶面积、光合速率、氮代谢酶活性与产量之间存在显著正相关关系。综上,气候变暖会抑制大豆花后光合特性和地上部生长发育,造成产量下降,而有机无机肥配施一定程度上弥补增温带来的不利影响。

关键词: 大豆, 增温, 有机无机肥配施, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of climate warming and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on soybean growth and yield,field experiments were conducted using infrared radiation warming systems to simulate temperature elevation.The experimental design included two temperature levels(T0:Ambient temperature;T1:Warming by 2.9 ℃)and two fertilization regimes(SF:Sole inorganic fertilizer;OF:Combined organic-inorganic fertilizer),aiming to examine the impacts of warming and fertilization practices on soybean dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic rate,leaf enzyme activities,and yield.Results demonstrated that compared to ambient temperature,warming shortened the pre-flowering and post-flowering growth periods by 3—4 d,5—6 d,respectively.Warming significantly reduced leaf nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)activities during the pod-filling stage,decreased leaf area index(LAI)by 9.0%—13.7%,and suppressed net photosynthetic rate,collectively leading to 4.1%—19.3% reductions in post-flowering plant height and aboveground dry matter accumulation.In contrast,the combined organic-inorganic fertilization enhanced NR and GS activities,improved post-flowering photosynthetic efficiency,promoted plant growth,and increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation by 4.1%—15.3% compared to sole inorganic fertilization,with a significant interaction observed between NR and alanine aminotransferase activities.Yield analysis revealed that warming caused 9.7%—16.6%,13.3%—19.0% declines in pods per plant and grains per plant,respectively,resulting in 13.7%—21.1% yield reductions.Conversely,organic-inorganic fertilization increased grains per plant by 12.5% and pods per plant by 9.9%—10.5%,achieving 7.6%—10.8% yield improvements.Notably,significant positive correlations were detected among LAI,photosynthetic rate,nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities,and final yield.These findings demonstrate that climate warming inhibits post-flowering photosynthetic efficiency and aboveground growth in soybeans,while integrated organic-inorganic fertilization partially mitigates warming-induced yield losses through enhancing enzyme activities and photosynthetic performance,providing critical insights for adaptive agricultural practices under global warming scenarios.

Key words: Soybean, Warming, Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S565.1