植物生长调节剂对密植春玉米冠层-根系的协同调控特性及抗倒效应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195270

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究植物生长调节剂对春玉米冠层-根系的协同调控特性,进一步揭示植株抗倒机理,于2021—2022年以玉米品种迪卡159和先玉335为试验材料,在75 000,90 000株/hm²2个种植密度下,设置植物生长调节剂处理(PGR)和清水对照(CK),分析比较了不同处理下的冠层结构、茎秆基部节间性状、根系形态特征和伤流液理化指标。结果显示,PGR对玉米冠层和根系均有调控作用。PGR处理后,植株株高、穗位高和重心高度降低,穗位以上叶片叶倾角增大,植株穗位层无截取散射(DIFN)平均增加23.59%,穗下层DIFN平均增加18.60%,基部节间茎秆质量显著提高。同时PGR处理下0~40 cm土层根条数、根长和根系干质量增加,地表以下10 cm处的根幅增大,根系伤流量和养分流量增加,根系形态和运输能力明显优化。伤流液中CTK和IAA的流量增加,GA的流量减少。PGR通过对冠层-根系的协同调控,有效地减少了茎折和根倒的发生,玉米的田间倒伏率从13.43%降低到6.47%,玉米产量平均增加了16.10%,从而实现稳产高产。

关键词: 玉米, 植物生长调节剂, 密植, 冠层, 根系, 倒伏

Abstract:

In order to study the synergistic regulation characteristics of plant growth regulators on canopy-root traits of spring maize and to further reveal the lodging resistant mechanism of the plants,in 2021—2022,with the maize varieties Dika 159(DK159)and Xianyu 335(XY335)as experimental materials,at two planting densities of 75 000,90 000 plants/ha,plant growth regulator treatment (PGR) and water control (CK) were set up to analyze and compare the canopy structure,stem basel internode characters,root morphological characteristics and physicochemical properties of root bleeding sap under different treatments.The results showed that PGR had regulatory effects on both the maize canopy and roots.After PGR treatment,plant height,ear height and center of gravity height decreased,the mean leaf tilt angle above ear increased,light transmittance of ear layer increased by 23.59% on average,light transmittance of basel layer increased by 18.60% on average,and stem quality of basal internode was significantly improved.At the same time,the total root number,root length and root dry weight of PGR treatment increased,the root width at 10 cm below the surface increased,the root bleeding sap flow and nutrient flow increased,and the root morphological characteristics and transport capacity were obviously optimized.The flow of CTK and IAA in the root bleeding sap increased,while the flow of GA decreased.PGR effectively reduced the occurrence of stem lodging and root lodging through the synergistic regulation of canopy and root system,the field lodging rate of maize decreased from 13.43% to 6.47%,and the average yield of maize increased by 16.10%,thus achieving stable and high yield.

Key words: Maize, Plant growth regulator, High density, Canopy, Root, Lodging

孙宁, 边少锋, 闫伟平, 徐晨, 陈喜凤, 宋杭霖, 李斐, 张丽华, 谭国波, 赵洪祥. 植物生长调节剂对密植春玉米冠层-根系的协同调控特性及抗倒效应[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(2): 56-66. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195270.

SUN Ning, BIAN Shaofeng, YAN Weiping, XU Chen, CHEN Xifeng, SONG Hanglin, LI Fei, ZHANG Lihua, TAN Guobo, ZHAO Hongxiang. Synergistic Regulation Characteristics and Lodging Resistant Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Canopy-Root of Spring Maize[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(2): 56-66. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195270.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I2/56

图/表 9

参考文献 35

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度/(株/hm²) Density	处理 Treatments	株高/cm Plant height	穗位高/cm Ear height	重心高度/cm Center of gravity height	平均叶倾角/° Mean leaf angle
2021	DK159	75 000	PGR	274±5.4e	110±2.7d	96±5.3e	66±1.2a
			CK	312±4.2d	138±3.3bc	112±3.5cd	54±2.5c
		90 000	PGR	289±2.5d	124±5.8cd	107±5.8d	63±1.5ab
			CK	320±7.5c	148±3.1ab	120±4.5bc	50±2.5d
	XY335	75 000	PGR	326±3.1c	123±4.5cd	108±8.7d	62±2.0b
			CK	338±9.3b	154±7.1ab	124±8.7ab	52±1.0cd
		90 000	PGR	335±4.8b	145±2.1b	124±3.6ab	56±2.1c
			CK	352±7.6a	162±3.0a	132±2.5a	45±3.2e
2022	DK159	75 000	PGR	288±3.4e	127±1.8d	104±10.2e	67±1.5a
			CK	330±5.9c	144±5.8ab	118±2.9bc	57±2.5bc
		90 000	PGR	312±6.0d	140±6.2bc	119±3.6bc	61±2.9b
			CK	341±7.5c	155±4.3a	131±7.1a	52±3.0de
	XY335	75 000	PGR	334±5.6c	124±2.4d	106±3.6de	58±1.5bc
			CK	352±7.1ab	142±7.4ab	120±8.1bc	47±4.0e
		90 000	PGR	349±5.9ab	132±2.7cd	115±5.2cd	55±3.5cd
			CK	360±11.3a	155±6.1a	126±2.0ab	43±1.2f

年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度/(株/hm²) Density	处理 Treatments	株高/cm Plant height	穗位高/cm Ear height	重心高度/cm Center of gravity height	平均叶倾角/° Mean leaf angle
2021	DK159	75 000	PGR	274±5.4e	110±2.7d	96±5.3e	66±1.2a
			CK	312±4.2d	138±3.3bc	112±3.5cd	54±2.5c
		90 000	PGR	289±2.5d	124±5.8cd	107±5.8d	63±1.5ab
			CK	320±7.5c	148±3.1ab	120±4.5bc	50±2.5d
	XY335	75 000	PGR	326±3.1c	123±4.5cd	108±8.7d	62±2.0b
			CK	338±9.3b	154±7.1ab	124±8.7ab	52±1.0cd
		90 000	PGR	335±4.8b	145±2.1b	124±3.6ab	56±2.1c
			CK	352±7.6a	162±3.0a	132±2.5a	45±3.2e
2022	DK159	75 000	PGR	288±3.4e	127±1.8d	104±10.2e	67±1.5a
			CK	330±5.9c	144±5.8ab	118±2.9bc	57±2.5bc
		90 000	PGR	312±6.0d	140±6.2bc	119±3.6bc	61±2.9b
			CK	341±7.5c	155±4.3a	131±7.1a	52±3.0de
	XY335	75 000	PGR	334±5.6c	124±2.4d	106±3.6de	58±1.5bc
			CK	352±7.1ab	142±7.4ab	120±8.1bc	47±4.0e
		90 000	PGR	349±5.9ab	132±2.7cd	115±5.2cd	55±3.5cd
			CK	360±11.3a	155±6.1a	126±2.0ab	43±1.2f

年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度/ (株/hm²) Density	处理 Treatment	节间长/cm Internode length	节间周长/cm Internode circumference	节间单位长度干物质量/ (g/cm) Dry weight unit length	纤维素含量/ (mg/g) Cellulose content	半纤维素含量/ (mg/g) Hemicellulose content	木质素含量/ (mg/g) Lignin content
2021	DK159	75 000	PGR	10.7±1.15e	6.5±0.04c	0.65±0.03a	146.72±1.08b	69.81±1.44b	33.58±0.40ab
			CK	19.2±0.29b	6.2±0.02d	0.58±0.03b	118.93±2.24e	53.47±0.68e	29.20±0.35e
		90 000	PGR	14.2±0.76cd	6.5±0.06c	0.59±0.02b	135.75±0.87c	66.69±0.41c	32.10±0.76c
			CK	22.5±0.50a	6.0±0.07e	0.53±0.02c	106.14±3.35f	49.70±1.60f	27.31±0.08f
	XY335	75 000	PGR	13.0±0.50d	7.2±0.10a	0.45±0.01d	159.40±4.47a	77.07±0.96a	34.05±1.48a
			CK	20.7±1.15b	6.7±0.04b	0.41±0.02e	126.98±2.73d	66.07±0.42c	30.46±0.36d
		90 000	PGR	15.7±0.58c	6.7±0.08b	0.41±0.01e	155.95±1.76a	69.64±1.36b	32.89±0.68bc
			CK	23.3±2.08a	6.3±0.07d	0.37±0.02f	110.41±1.76f	60.93±0.42d	28.87±0.28e
2022	DK159	75 000	PGR	13.8±1.26e	7.4±0.10a	0.71±0.05a	150.74±4.50b	72.04±1.58a	32.19±0.58a
			CK	20.5±1.32c	6.7±0.06c	0.54±0.03c	124.72±1.71de	63.33±0.73b	28.27±0.42d
		90 000	PGR	15.5±1.32de	6.7±0.03c	0.65±0.03b	145.05±2.12c	63.39±1.39b	30.58±0.40b
			CK	21.8±1.61bc	6.3±0.02d	0.51±0.02c	122.26±5.47e	48.48±1.30d	27.94±0.44d
	XY335	75 000	PGR	14.5±0.87de	7.2±0.08b	0.53±0.03c	156.16±1.85a	72.32±0.66a	30.07±0.27bc
			CK	22.8±0.76b	6.8±0.08c	0.38±0.03de	128.68±1.47d	61.60±1.27b	23.62±0.28e
		90 000	PGR	16.3±1.04d	6.7±0.10c	0.40±0.01d	147.81±2.88bc	62.34±1.97b	29.71±0.85c
			CK	24.8±0.76a	6.2±0.04e	0.34±0.01e	123.46±1.74de	54.61±1.25c	23.58±0.29e

年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度/ (株/hm²) Density	处理 Treatment	节间长/cm Internode length	节间周长/cm Internode circumference	节间单位长度干物质量/ (g/cm) Dry weight unit length	纤维素含量/ (mg/g) Cellulose content	半纤维素含量/ (mg/g) Hemicellulose content	木质素含量/ (mg/g) Lignin content
2021	DK159	75 000	PGR	10.7±1.15e	6.5±0.04c	0.65±0.03a	146.72±1.08b	69.81±1.44b	33.58±0.40ab
			CK	19.2±0.29b	6.2±0.02d	0.58±0.03b	118.93±2.24e	53.47±0.68e	29.20±0.35e
		90 000	PGR	14.2±0.76cd	6.5±0.06c	0.59±0.02b	135.75±0.87c	66.69±0.41c	32.10±0.76c
			CK	22.5±0.50a	6.0±0.07e	0.53±0.02c	106.14±3.35f	49.70±1.60f	27.31±0.08f
	XY335	75 000	PGR	13.0±0.50d	7.2±0.10a	0.45±0.01d	159.40±4.47a	77.07±0.96a	34.05±1.48a
			CK	20.7±1.15b	6.7±0.04b	0.41±0.02e	126.98±2.73d	66.07±0.42c	30.46±0.36d
		90 000	PGR	15.7±0.58c	6.7±0.08b	0.41±0.01e	155.95±1.76a	69.64±1.36b	32.89±0.68bc
			CK	23.3±2.08a	6.3±0.07d	0.37±0.02f	110.41±1.76f	60.93±0.42d	28.87±0.28e
2022	DK159	75 000	PGR	13.8±1.26e	7.4±0.10a	0.71±0.05a	150.74±4.50b	72.04±1.58a	32.19±0.58a
			CK	20.5±1.32c	6.7±0.06c	0.54±0.03c	124.72±1.71de	63.33±0.73b	28.27±0.42d
		90 000	PGR	15.5±1.32de	6.7±0.03c	0.65±0.03b	145.05±2.12c	63.39±1.39b	30.58±0.40b
			CK	21.8±1.61bc	6.3±0.02d	0.51±0.02c	122.26±5.47e	48.48±1.30d	27.94±0.44d
	XY335	75 000	PGR	14.5±0.87de	7.2±0.08b	0.53±0.03c	156.16±1.85a	72.32±0.66a	30.07±0.27bc
			CK	22.8±0.76b	6.8±0.08c	0.38±0.03de	128.68±1.47d	61.60±1.27b	23.62±0.28e
		90 000	PGR	16.3±1.04d	6.7±0.10c	0.40±0.01d	147.81±2.88bc	62.34±1.97b	29.71±0.85c
			CK	24.8±0.76a	6.2±0.04e	0.34±0.01e	123.46±1.74de	54.61±1.25c	23.58±0.29e

年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度/ (株/hm²) Density	处理 Treatment	根条数 Total root number	气生根条数 Air root number	根长/cm Root length	根幅/cm² Root breadth area	根系干物质量/g Root dry weight
2021	DK159	75 000	PGR	60±2.0a	10±1.1a	1 822.1±91.43a	503.5±13.70a	28.71±0.66a
			CK	54±0.6b	7±1.2bc	1 631.5±68.65b	481.1±10.22b	25.34±1.63b
		90 000	PGR	55±1.5b	9±2.6ab	1 622.9±80.26b	492.0±15.85ab	25.58±1.37b
			CK	47±1.5de	6±1.2cd	1 403.2±81.80d	448.5±7.12d	21.24±0.45d
	XY335	75 000	PGR	53±1.5b	9±0.6a	1 674.1±41.52b	461.7±5.42c	25.71±0.86b
			CK	49±1.4cd	4±1.5de	1 516.8±23.76c	435.5±3.95e	23.35±0.69c
		90 000	PGR	52±2.0bc	7±0.6bc	1 439.3±49.68d	446.4±6.34d	22.13±0.42cd
			CK	44±1.9e	3±1.2e	1 291.6±27.84e	400.2±15.72f	19.32±1.31e
2022	DK159	75 000	PGR	59±1.4a	10±0.6a	1 738.9±63.27a	497.8±16.32a	27.10±1.77a
			CK	53±1.0bc	6±1.5bc	1 585.8±82.88b	469.5±10.64b	24.98±0.66b
		90 000	PGR	56±1.3b	8±1.5b	1 531.6±92.48b	472.6±6.15b	25.66±1.20b
			CK	47±1.5e	5±1.5cd	1 385.7±71.28c	437.9±4.13c	22.77±1.43cd
	XY335	75 000	PGR	51±2.0cd	8±1.2ab	1 580.7±86.94b	461.0±14.43b	25.47±1.33b
			CK	46±2.2e	4±1.0d	1 402.9±73.62c	439.3±4.64c	21.96±0.48de
		90 000	PGR	50±1.2de	8±1.5b	1 417.6±70.44c	428.4±10.36c	22.94±1.23cd
			CK	42±1.0f	3±1.2d	1 255.9±52.73d	396.1±26.82d	20.85±0.62e

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