八眉猪和大白猪乳成分、血清生化及泌乳相关基因的比较分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195277

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在比较分析国内地方猪种八眉猪和引入猪种大白猪两品种猪泌乳期的乳成分、血清生化指标及泌乳相关基因Leptin、LF的表达水平。选取健康状况良好,体况基本一致,胎次、配种期和分娩期接近(3 d内)的纯种八眉猪和大白猪各6头,于八眉猪和大白猪分娩(即泌乳第1天)、泌乳第7,14,21,28天,分别采集八眉猪和大白猪乳汁50 mL,血清及全血样本各2 mL,用于测定乳汁营养成分和血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)等指标,及Leptin、LF基因的表达情况。结果表明,泌乳第1天除了乳脂(Fat)外,八眉猪初乳中酪蛋白(CS)、总蛋白(TP)、总固形物(TS)、非脂乳固体(SNF)、乳糖(L)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量和酸度(Acidity)均极显著高于大白猪;八眉猪泌乳第21天的CS、TP、Fat、TS、SNF和L含量极显著低于大白猪。两猪种血清生化指标在泌乳期呈现不同的变化趋势,八眉猪在泌乳第1天,ALT、AST、GLB、BUN以及TG含量显著高于大白猪,而ALP、ALB含量显著低于大白猪。泌乳第1天,Leptin基因和LF基因在八眉猪和大白猪之间差异不显著,但自第7天起,大白猪Leptin基因表达量均极显著高于八眉猪,八眉猪LF基因表达水平均极显著高于大白猪。总的来说,2种猪的乳营养成分随泌乳期的延长呈下降趋势,Leptin基因和LF基因的表达量很有可能与2种猪的产奶量和乳品质有关,有待进一步验证。

关键词: 八眉猪, 大白猪, 泌乳期, 乳成分, 血清生化指标, 基因表达

Abstract:

This study aimed to compare and analyze the milk composition,serum biochemical indices and expression levels of Leptin and LF genes during lactation between Bamei pigs and Yorkshire pigs.The six purebred Bamei pigs and Yorkshire pigs with healthy body conditions were selected respectively,which also had close parity,mating and delivery periods(within three days).A total of 50 mL milk,2 mL serum and 2 mL whole blood samples were collected from Bamei pigs and Yorkshire pigs on the 1st,7th,14th,21st and 28th day after delivery,respectively.Then,the milk,serum and whole blood samples were used to detect the milk compositions,serum indexes of alkaline phosphatase(ALP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLB),triglyceride(TG),urea nitrogen(BUN),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and the expression levels of Leptin and LF genes.The results showed that on the 1st day of lactation in Baimei pigs,in addition to milk fat(Fat),the content of casein(CS),total protein(TP),total solid matter(TS),non-fat milk solids(SNF),lactose(L),free fatty acid(FFA)and acidity in the colostrum of Bamei pigs were all extremely significantly higher than those in the colostrum of Yorkshire pigs,while,the content of CS,TP,Fat,TS,SNF and L of Bamei pigs on the 21st day after delivery were extremely significantly lower than those of Yorkshire pigs.The serum biochemical indexes of two pig breeds showed different trends during the whole lactation.The content of ALT,AST,GLB,BUN and TG of Bamei pigs were significantly higher than those of Yorkshire pigs on the 1st day after delivery,while the content of ALP and ALB were all significantly lower than those of Yorkshire pigs.There were no different levels of these two genes on the 1st day,however,from the 7th day after delivery,the expression levels of LF in the Bamei pigs were significantly different than those in the Yorkshire pigs,while Leptin gene was extremely significantly expressed in Yorkshire pigs than in Bamei pigs.In general,the milk nutrients of Bamei and Yorkshire pigs showed a decreasing trend as the extension of the lactation periods,and the expression levels of Leptin and LF genes were likely related to the milk yield and quality between the two breeds,which may need to be further verified.

Key words: Bamei pig, Yorkshire pig, Lactation period, Milk composition, Serum biochemical index, Gene expression

付盼盼, 胡慧慧, 李杰, 赵进, 王鹏飞, 尚学峰, 张森, 黄晓宇. 八眉猪和大白猪乳成分、血清生化及泌乳相关基因的比较分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(1): 215-223. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195277.

FU Panpan, HU Huihui, LI Jie, ZHAO Jin, WANG Pengfei, SHANG Xuefeng, ZHANG Sen, HUANG Xiaoyu. Comparation and Analysis of Milk Composition,Serum Biochemistry and Lactation-related Genes of Bamei Pigs and Yorkshire Pigs[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(1): 215-223. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195277.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I1/215

图/表 7

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基因 Gene	引物序列(5'—3') Primer sequence(5'—3')	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature	产物长度/bp Product length
Leptin	F:TTGCAGAGCTCTTCCTCACG	59.5	184
	R:TCAACGGGCATTCAACCGTA
LF	F:GTCACAGCCATCGCTAACCT	59.5	109
	R:TTGCTCCTCCAAGCTTGACC
GAPDH	F:AGCAATGCCTCCTGTACCAC	59.5	210
	R:AAGCAGGGATGATGTTCTGG

基因 Gene	引物序列(5'—3') Primer sequence(5'—3')	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature	产物长度/bp Product length
Leptin	F:TTGCAGAGCTCTTCCTCACG	59.5	184
	R:TCAACGGGCATTCAACCGTA
LF	F:GTCACAGCCATCGCTAACCT	59.5	109
	R:TTGCTCCTCCAAGCTTGACC
GAPDH	F:AGCAATGCCTCCTGTACCAC	59.5	210
	R:AAGCAGGGATGATGTTCTGG

营养成分 Nutrient	泌乳时期 Lactation periods
营养成分 Nutrient	1 d	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d
酪蛋白/% CS	16.56±0.26Aa	4.29±0.08Bb	4.19±0.04Bb	2.98±0.06Cc	4.23±0.15Bb
总蛋白/% TP	23.87±0.31Aa	4.78±0.15Bb	4.93±0.11Bb	4.19±0.08Cc	4.92±0.11Bb
乳脂/% Fat	6.32±0.07Cc	8.33±0.21Aa	7.70±0.10Bb	5.26±0.11Dd	6.37±0.08Cc
总固形物/% TS	36.47±0.04Aa	20.61±0.08Bb	19.66±0.20Cc	14.66±0.71Ee	18.75±0.10Dd
非脂乳固体/% SNF	28.17±0.25Aa	11.17±0.06Bb	11.14±0.07Bb	8.45±0.07Cc	11.37±0.08Bb
乳糖/% L	13.71±0.20Aa	5.63±0.10Aab	5.60±0.07Aab	5.50±0.21Ab	5.64±0.07Aab
酸度/°T Acidity	82.68±0.19Aa	8.48±0.10Bb	8.45±0.08Bb	6.81±0.07Cc	8.66±0.09Bb
游离脂肪酸/% FFA	84.74±0.22Aa	26.43±0.27Bb	26.30±0.40Bb	16.90±0.31Dd	25.40±0.30Cc

营养成分 Nutrient	泌乳时期 Lactation periods
营养成分 Nutrient	1 d	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d
酪蛋白/% CS	16.56±0.26Aa	4.29±0.08Bb	4.19±0.04Bb	2.98±0.06Cc	4.23±0.15Bb
总蛋白/% TP	23.87±0.31Aa	4.78±0.15Bb	4.93±0.11Bb	4.19±0.08Cc	4.92±0.11Bb
乳脂/% Fat	6.32±0.07Cc	8.33±0.21Aa	7.70±0.10Bb	5.26±0.11Dd	6.37±0.08Cc
总固形物/% TS	36.47±0.04Aa	20.61±0.08Bb	19.66±0.20Cc	14.66±0.71Ee	18.75±0.10Dd
非脂乳固体/% SNF	28.17±0.25Aa	11.17±0.06Bb	11.14±0.07Bb	8.45±0.07Cc	11.37±0.08Bb
乳糖/% L	13.71±0.20Aa	5.63±0.10Aab	5.60±0.07Aab	5.50±0.21Ab	5.64±0.07Aab
酸度/°T Acidity	82.68±0.19Aa	8.48±0.10Bb	8.45±0.08Bb	6.81±0.07Cc	8.66±0.09Bb
游离脂肪酸/% FFA	84.74±0.22Aa	26.43±0.27Bb	26.30±0.40Bb	16.90±0.31Dd	25.40±0.30Cc

营养成分 Nutrient	泌乳时期 Lactation periods
营养成分 Nutrient	1 d	7 d	14 d	21 d	28 d
酪蛋白/% CS	11.76±0.04Aa	4.22±0.12Cc	3.87±0.09Dd	4.07±0.06CDcd	4.96±0.19Bb
总蛋白/% TP	16.77±0.04Aa	6.12±0.09Cc	4.54±0.06De	4.73±0.15Dd	6.09±0.04Bb
乳脂/% Fat	6.36±0.05Cc	7.40±0.24Bb	7.60±0.19Bb	7.66±0.06Bb	8.17±0.06Aa
总固形物/% TS	28.81±0.05Aa	19.43±0.09Cc	19.09±0.07Dd	19.34±0.13CDc	21.17±0.12Bb
非脂乳固体/% SNF	21.05±0.06Aa	11.25±0.11Bb	10.87±0.06Bb	10.93±0.18Bb	15.11±5.24ABb
乳糖/% L	2.53±0.05Dd	5.35±0.11Bb	5.70±0.04Aa	5.74±0.17Aa	5.08±0.05Cc
酸度/°T Acidity	57.17±0.06Aa	9.62±0.13Cc	7.10±0.04Ee	7.56±0.23Dd	10.63±0.25Bb
游离脂肪酸/% FFA	66.28±0.13Aa	30.75±0.70Bb	24.52±0.27Cc	25.00±3.61Cc	22.40±0.30Cc

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