施氮量对烟草品种上部叶生长发育及碳氮代谢的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194972

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究施氮量对不同烟草品种上部叶生长发育及碳氮代谢的影响,为生产优质上部烟叶提供参考。采用双因素裂区试验,研究了不同施氮水平(37.5,75.0,112.5 kg/hm²)NC89、云烟87品种上部叶农艺性状、光合特性、叶片组织结构、碳氮代谢关键酶活性及化学成分等指标。随着施氮量的增加,两品种上部叶叶长、叶宽、叶面积、单叶干质量均显著增加,移栽后115 d,高氮处理的NC89和云烟87的叶面积分别比低氮处理显著提高了63.10%,68.43%。增加施氮量提高了NC89叶绿素含量,高氮处理的叶绿素含量比低氮处理高6.67%~37.50%;增加施氮量显著提高了云烟87的净光合速率,移栽后70,80 d尤为显著。移栽后85~115 d栅栏组织、海绵组织、叶片厚度均随施氮量增加而显著增大,低氮和中氮处理的栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度在移栽后95~115 d趋于稳定,而高氮处理仍分别提高了9.82%~14.08%和10.72%~13.72%。随着施氮量的增加,两品种叶片碳含量和C/N显著降低,氮含量显著增加;两品种转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶活性升高,高氮处理降低了云烟87淀粉酶活性,提高了NC89淀粉酶活性,移栽后115 d,高氮处理的云烟87比中氮处理显著降低了27.53%,高氮处理的NC89比低氮和中氮处理分别显著提高了33.86%,21.74%。云烟87谷氨酰胺合成酶活性随施氮量增加显著增加,NC89则无规律变化,差异不显著。增加施氮量降低了烤后叶片还原糖和总糖含量,提高了烟碱和总氮含量。同一施氮水平下,云烟87烟碱、总氮、钾含量高于NC89,还原糖、总糖含量(除低氮水平外)及糖碱比、氮碱比低于NC89。不同烟草品种上部叶对施氮量的响应不同,增加施氮量能够促进NC89上部叶片生长发育和碳代谢,降低糖碱比、氮碱比,提高化学成分协调性,但会造成云烟87氮代谢旺盛,难以适时向碳积累代谢转变,延缓叶片衰老,造成云烟87贪青晚熟。

关键词: 烤烟, 施氮量, 品种, 上部叶, 碳氮代谢

Abstract:

In order to provide production advice of high-quality upper tobacco leaves,field experiment was carried out to elucidate the effects of nitrogen application on the growth,development,carbon and nitrogen metabolism of upper leaves of different tobacco varieties.Three treatments,37.5(LN),75.0(MN)and 112.5 kg/ha nitrogen application rate(HN)were conducted with NC89 and Yunyan 87 as the test varieties.The effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf tissue structure,key enzymes activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and chemical composition of the upper leaves of were studied.The results showed that the leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,and leaf dry mass of the upper leaves of both varieties were significantly improved with the increased of nitrogen application rates.At 115 days after transplanting(DAT),the leaf area of NC89 and Yunyan 87 of HN were significantly increased by 63.10% and 68.43% compared to LN,respectively.Increasing nitrogen rate improved the leaf chlorophyll content of NC89,the leaf chlorophyll content of HN was 6.67%—37.50% higher than that of LN,respectively.The leaf net photosynthetic rate was notably improved by increasing nitrogen rate of Yunyan 87,especially at 70 DAT and 80 DAT.The leaf palisade tissue,leaf spongy tissue,and leaf thickness were markedly promoted with the increased nitrogen application rate on 85—115 DAT.The palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness of LN and MN were almost stable from 95 to 115 DAT,but HN improved by 9.82%—14.08% and 10.72%—13.72% respectively.The leaf carbon content and leaf carbon and nitrogen ratio of both varieties were significantly decreased by reduced nitrogen rate,while leaf nitrogen content significantly increased.The activities of invertase,sucrose phosphate synthase,sucrose synthase,and glutamate synthase of both varieties were increased with the increased nitrogen application rate.HN decreased the amylase activity of Yunyan 87,but increased that of NC89.At 115 DAT,the amylase activity of HN of Yunyan 87 was 27.53% lower than MN,while HN increased amylase activity by 33.86% and 21.74% compared to LN and MN of NC89,respectively.The activity of glutamine synthetase of Yunyan 87 significantly increased with the increased nitrogen application rate,while there was no significant difference among different treatments of NC89.The content of flue-cured tobacco leaf reducing sugar and total sugar were reduced,but the content of nicotine and total nitrogen were improved with increased nitrogen application rate.Under the same nitrogen application rate,the content of flue-cured tobacco leaf nicotine,total nitrogen,and potassium of Yunyan 87 were higher than NC89,while the content of reducing sugar,content of total sugar(except LN),sugar and nicotine ratio,and nitrogen and nicotine ratio were lower than NC89.The effect of nitrogen application rate on upper leaves of tobacco varieties is difference.Increasing nitrogen application rate could promote the growth,development and carbon metabolism,reduce sugar and nicotine ratio and nitrogen and nicotine ratio,and improve the coordination of chemical components of NC89.However,increasing nitrogen application rate could lead to excessive nitrogen metabolism,delay the transformation from nitrogen metabolism to carbon accumulation metabolism,and cause late maturity of Yunyan 87.

Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, Nitrogen application rate, Variety, Upper leaf, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism

陈克玲, 王德权, 宋德伟, 王大海, 王玉华, 管恩森, 杨明峰, 刘江, 马兴华. 施氮量对烟草品种上部叶生长发育及碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(1): 122-132. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194972.

CHEN Keling, WANG Dequan, SONG Dewei, WANG Dahai, WANG Yuhua, GUAN Ensen, YANG Mingfeng, LIU Jiang, MA Xinghua. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth,Development,Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Upper Leaves of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(1): 122-132. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194972.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I1/122

图/表 8

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指标 Index	处理 Treatment	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	65 d	70 d	75 d	85 d	95 d	115 d
栅栏组织厚度/μm	LN-NC89	23.50±1.86c	36.08±2.54b	45.77±0.57abc	55.11±1.88c	62.22±2.30c	65.26±1.71c
Palisade tissue	LN-Y87	30.86±2.11a	35.76±1.51b	43.67±5.97bc	67.15±2.59ab	64.58±2.25bc	65.73±5.98c
thickness	MN-NC89	23.90±1.04c	36.51±2.09b	48.46±4.17ab	58.98±5.74bc	70.43±5.36ab	69.88±2.07c
	MN-Y87	18.94±1.05d	39.21±0.81a	50.04±1.71a	70.15±0.49a	74.68±2.25a	76.05±2.18b
	HN-NC89	20.91±1.34d	32.18±1.83c	42.21±1.64c	69.69±5.97a	69.00±5.60ab	78.84±0.57ab
	HN-Y87	27.09±0.90b	38.27±0.82ab	49.75±3.41a	72.82±7.16a	74.77±2.54a	82.01±1.49a
	N	^**	ns	ns	^*	^**	^**
	V	^**	^**	ns	^**	^*	ns
	N×V	^**	^**	^*	ns	ns	ns
海绵组织厚度/μm	LN-NC89	49.51±2.49cd	66.81±2.87d	86.55±6.74ab	104.46±6.54c	105.83±3.29c	102.49±3.84e
Sponge tissue	LN-Y87	56.90±3.61b	83.70±9.67a	98.64±20.69a	110.67±3.61bc	115.96±5.98b	116.13±3.52d
thickness	MN-NC89	51.15±2.13c	77.15±2.11abc	93.90±8.63ab	105.87±5.95c	114.58±2.68b	119.33±2.66cd
	MN-Y87	46.79±1.95d	74.49±2.51bc	89.58±6.48ab	120.15±4.24ab	118.99±1.48ab	123.21±4.50c
	HN-NC89	51.14±1.80c	72.20±4.31cd	78.91±5.54b	121.89±9.15ab	119.63±2.66ab	132.46±1.84b
	HN-Y87	62.30±2.48a	80.77±1.76ab	93.03±4.65ab	130.85±9.45a	123.99±2.73a	141.00±1.99a
	N	^**	ns	ns	^**	^*	^**
	V	^**	^**	ns	^*	^**	^**
	N×V	^**	^**	ns	ns	^*	ns
叶片厚度/μm	LN-NC89	84.95±22.70d	124.68±3.39d	163.36±8.36ab	193.49±9.53c	203.30±2.25d	208.84±5.38d
Leaf thickness	LN-Y87	113.22±2.25a	153.27±9.97a	169.35±13.62ab	212.59±7.52b	214.79±5.07cd	219.14±14.05cd
	MN-NC89	94.25±2.01c	143.10±4.56bc	173.35±20.52ab	212.48±11.84b	219.42±12.12c	223.43±4.89bc
	MN-Y87	83.43±4.10d	139.49±2.18c	176.01±4.84a	228.68±7.12ab	224.67±4.98c	231.92±2.70b
	HN-NC89	90.82±1.15c	136.65±6.43c	158.16±6.34b	213.56±12.20b	232.46±3.32b	247.69±1.55b
	HN-Y87	102.02±3.55b	150.08±3.33ab	172.33±3.16ab	237.20±11.02a	245.75±4.63a	265.75±1.93a
	N	^**	ns	ns	^*	^*	^**
	V	^**	^**	ns	^*	^**	^**
	N×V	^**	^**	ns	ns	ns	ns
栅栏细胞密度/	LN-NC89	152.90±9.74bc	90.57±7.02b	83.04±8.44ab	57.84±6.21b	58.63±1.18a	54.16±8.37c
(个/mm)	LN-Y87	132.59±2.02c	96.78±7.20b	95.09±11.91a	59.37±4.89b	56.06±3.70ab	59.73±4.89bc
The density of	MN-NC89	175.37±24.84ab	93.41±5.64b	84.24±5.26ab	72.92±4.66a	59.52±6.94a	71.79±3.85a
palisade cells	MN-Y87	166.80±22.51ab	100.25±14.04b	79.87±7.43b	62.13±5.80ab	50.96±9.93b	62.54±5.80abc
	HN-NC89	162.17±14.14b	99.28±8.19b	88.05±11.00ab	65.17±8.57ab	58.36±6.21ab	68.50±6.32ab
	HN-Y87	187.31±14.99a	118.77±7.99a	92.35±6.62ab	63.89±9.45ab	61.08±1.95a	64.12±2.04abc
	N	^*	ns	^*	^**	^*	ns
	V	ns	^**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	N×V	^**	^*	ns	ns	ns	ns

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	移栽后时间/d Time after transplanting
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	65 d	70 d	75 d	85 d	95 d	115 d
栅栏组织厚度/μm	LN-NC89	23.50±1.86c	36.08±2.54b	45.77±0.57abc	55.11±1.88c	62.22±2.30c	65.26±1.71c
Palisade tissue	LN-Y87	30.86±2.11a	35.76±1.51b	43.67±5.97bc	67.15±2.59ab	64.58±2.25bc	65.73±5.98c
thickness	MN-NC89	23.90±1.04c	36.51±2.09b	48.46±4.17ab	58.98±5.74bc	70.43±5.36ab	69.88±2.07c
	MN-Y87	18.94±1.05d	39.21±0.81a	50.04±1.71a	70.15±0.49a	74.68±2.25a	76.05±2.18b
	HN-NC89	20.91±1.34d	32.18±1.83c	42.21±1.64c	69.69±5.97a	69.00±5.60ab	78.84±0.57ab
	HN-Y87	27.09±0.90b	38.27±0.82ab	49.75±3.41a	72.82±7.16a	74.77±2.54a	82.01±1.49a
	N	^**	ns	ns	^*	^**	^**
	V	^**	^**	ns	^**	^*	ns
	N×V	^**	^**	^*	ns	ns	ns
海绵组织厚度/μm	LN-NC89	49.51±2.49cd	66.81±2.87d	86.55±6.74ab	104.46±6.54c	105.83±3.29c	102.49±3.84e
Sponge tissue	LN-Y87	56.90±3.61b	83.70±9.67a	98.64±20.69a	110.67±3.61bc	115.96±5.98b	116.13±3.52d
thickness	MN-NC89	51.15±2.13c	77.15±2.11abc	93.90±8.63ab	105.87±5.95c	114.58±2.68b	119.33±2.66cd
	MN-Y87	46.79±1.95d	74.49±2.51bc	89.58±6.48ab	120.15±4.24ab	118.99±1.48ab	123.21±4.50c
	HN-NC89	51.14±1.80c	72.20±4.31cd	78.91±5.54b	121.89±9.15ab	119.63±2.66ab	132.46±1.84b
	HN-Y87	62.30±2.48a	80.77±1.76ab	93.03±4.65ab	130.85±9.45a	123.99±2.73a	141.00±1.99a
	N	^**	ns	ns	^**	^*	^**
	V	^**	^**	ns	^*	^**	^**
	N×V	^**	^**	ns	ns	^*	ns
叶片厚度/μm	LN-NC89	84.95±22.70d	124.68±3.39d	163.36±8.36ab	193.49±9.53c	203.30±2.25d	208.84±5.38d
Leaf thickness	LN-Y87	113.22±2.25a	153.27±9.97a	169.35±13.62ab	212.59±7.52b	214.79±5.07cd	219.14±14.05cd
	MN-NC89	94.25±2.01c	143.10±4.56bc	173.35±20.52ab	212.48±11.84b	219.42±12.12c	223.43±4.89bc
	MN-Y87	83.43±4.10d	139.49±2.18c	176.01±4.84a	228.68±7.12ab	224.67±4.98c	231.92±2.70b
	HN-NC89	90.82±1.15c	136.65±6.43c	158.16±6.34b	213.56±12.20b	232.46±3.32b	247.69±1.55b
	HN-Y87	102.02±3.55b	150.08±3.33ab	172.33±3.16ab	237.20±11.02a	245.75±4.63a	265.75±1.93a
	N	^**	ns	ns	^*	^*	^**
	V	^**	^**	ns	^*	^**	^**
	N×V	^**	^**	ns	ns	ns	ns
栅栏细胞密度/	LN-NC89	152.90±9.74bc	90.57±7.02b	83.04±8.44ab	57.84±6.21b	58.63±1.18a	54.16±8.37c
(个/mm)	LN-Y87	132.59±2.02c	96.78±7.20b	95.09±11.91a	59.37±4.89b	56.06±3.70ab	59.73±4.89bc
The density of	MN-NC89	175.37±24.84ab	93.41±5.64b	84.24±5.26ab	72.92±4.66a	59.52±6.94a	71.79±3.85a
palisade cells	MN-Y87	166.80±22.51ab	100.25±14.04b	79.87±7.43b	62.13±5.80ab	50.96±9.93b	62.54±5.80abc
	HN-NC89	162.17±14.14b	99.28±8.19b	88.05±11.00ab	65.17±8.57ab	58.36±6.21ab	68.50±6.32ab
	HN-Y87	187.31±14.99a	118.77±7.99a	92.35±6.62ab	63.89±9.45ab	61.08±1.95a	64.12±2.04abc
	N	^*	ns	^*	^**	^*	ns
	V	ns	^**	ns	ns	ns	ns
	N×V	^**	^*	ns	ns	ns	ns

处理 Treatments	还原糖含量/ (g/kg) Reducing sugar content	总糖含量/ (g/kg) Total sugar content	烟碱含量/ (g/kg) Nicotine content	总氮含量/ (g/kg) Total nitrogen content	钾含量/ (g/kg) Potassium content	糖碱比 TS/Nic	氮碱比 TN/Nic
LN-NC89	232.0±8.5b	240.0±8.5b	16.8±1.1c	19.0±0.1b	12.0±0.4cd	143.0±4.6a	11.3±0.7a
LN-Y87	267.5±16.3a	278.0±12.7a	20.7±1.6bc	19.4±0.1b	14.0±0.7b	135.0±16.3a	9.4±0.4ab
MN-NC89	228.5±6.4b	237.0±5.7b	21.0±0.1bc	19.6±0.6b	12.5±0.1c	113.0±1.9b	9.3±0.7ab
MN-Y87	204.0±0.6c	216.0±7.1bc	25.8±0.4a	20.1±0.5b	15.6±0.1a	84.0±1.4c	7.8±0.1b
HN-NC89	210.5±9.2bc	225.5±16.3bc	24.6±3.9ab	22.6±0.7a	11.4±0.0d	92.0±7.9c	9.3±0.7ab
HN-Y87	200.5±6.4c	208.0±7.1c	26.0±0.4a	23.7±0.5a	14.7±0.3b	80.0±1.4c	9.1±0.0b
N	^**	^*	ns	^**	ns	^*	ns
V	ns	ns	ns	ns	^**	ns	ns
N×V	ns	ns	ns	ns	^*	ns	ns

处理 Treatments	还原糖含量/ (g/kg) Reducing sugar content	总糖含量/ (g/kg) Total sugar content	烟碱含量/ (g/kg) Nicotine content	总氮含量/ (g/kg) Total nitrogen content	钾含量/ (g/kg) Potassium content	糖碱比 TS/Nic	氮碱比 TN/Nic
LN-NC89	232.0±8.5b	240.0±8.5b	16.8±1.1c	19.0±0.1b	12.0±0.4cd	143.0±4.6a	11.3±0.7a
LN-Y87	267.5±16.3a	278.0±12.7a	20.7±1.6bc	19.4±0.1b	14.0±0.7b	135.0±16.3a	9.4±0.4ab
MN-NC89	228.5±6.4b	237.0±5.7b	21.0±0.1bc	19.6±0.6b	12.5±0.1c	113.0±1.9b	9.3±0.7ab
MN-Y87	204.0±0.6c	216.0±7.1bc	25.8±0.4a	20.1±0.5b	15.6±0.1a	84.0±1.4c	7.8±0.1b
HN-NC89	210.5±9.2bc	225.5±16.3bc	24.6±3.9ab	22.6±0.7a	11.4±0.0d	92.0±7.9c	9.3±0.7ab
HN-Y87	200.5±6.4c	208.0±7.1c	26.0±0.4a	23.7±0.5a	14.7±0.3b	80.0±1.4c	9.1±0.0b
N	^**	^*	ns	^**	ns	^*	ns
V	ns	ns	ns	ns	^**	ns	ns
N×V	ns	ns	ns	ns	^*	ns	ns

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