摘要： 为了探究长江下游地区稻麦轮作体系下有机肥等氮替代无机肥对稻麦产量及土壤肥力的影响，在大田条件下，设置有机氮依次替代10%（Y1W9），20%（Y2W8），30%（Y3W7），40%（Y4W6），50%（Y5W5）无机氮等处理，同时以100%施用无机氮（W100）为对照，连续3 a定位监测稻麦产量、土壤肥力及团聚体稳定性的变化。结果表明，3 a间有机肥等氮量替代无机肥比单施无机肥平均轮作年产量增加了0.8%~2.7%；3 a小麦平均产量较单施无机肥处理提高了5.6%～13.2%，水稻平均产量提高了0.2%～14.0%，稻麦轮作总产量平均提高了0.4%～24.5%。与单施无机肥相比，团聚体的平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的含量随着有机肥替代比例的增加而提高；Y4W6和Y5W5处理下>0.250 mm粒径团聚体的含量百分比分别为74.3%和78.8%，高于其他几个处理下>0.250 mm粒径团聚体的含量百分比，分别比单施无机肥处理高出了5.6和10.1百分点。有机肥与无机肥不同比例配施提高了土壤有机质和全氮的含量，缓解了土壤酸化程度。综上所述，有机肥长期替代无机肥能够培肥土壤，有助于长江下游地区稻麦稳产，20%有机氮替代无机氮最有利于长江下游地区稻麦稳产、高产和土壤肥力提升。

关键词: 有机无机配施, 稻麦产量, 土壤养分, 土壤团聚体

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of organic fertilizers substitute for inorganic fertilizers on rice and wheat yields and soil fertility under rice and wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,the treatments of 10% organic fertilizer (Y1W9),20% organic fertilizer (Y2W8),30% organic fertilizer (Y3W7),40% organic fertilizer (Y4W6),50% organic fertilizer (Y5W5) substitute for inorganic nitrogen in turn and 100% inorganic nitrogen as control (W100) were conducted.The changes of rice and wheat yield,soil fertility and aggregate stability were located monitored for 3 consecutive years.The results showed that the average annual crop rotation output of organic fertilizer replaced inorganic N fertilizer increased by 0.8%-2.7% compared with inorganic fertilizer alone. Compared with inorganic fertilizer alone, the average yield of wheat increased by 5.6% to 13.2%, the average yield of rice increased by 0.2% to 14.0%, and the total output of rice-wheat rotation increased by 0.4% to 24.5% on average in 3 a.Compared with inorganic fertilizer alone, the average mean weight diameter (MWD),geometric mean diameter (GMD) and>0.25 mm water-stable aggregate contents increased with increasing of the ratio of organic fertilizer substitute for inorganic fertilizer.The content percentages of aggregates>0.250 mm in the treatments of Y4W6 and Y5W5 were 74.3% and 78.8%, respectively, which were higher than the percentages of aggregates with a particle diameter of >0.250 mm under the other treatments, and were higher than the single application of inorganic fertilizer 5.6 and 10.1 percentage points.Different ratio of organic fertilizer substitute for inorganic fertilizer improved the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen,and alleviated the degree of soil acidification.In summary,organic fertilizer substitute for inorganic fertilizer in the long term was contributing to improving soil fertility and getting stable yield of rice and wheat in the lower the Yangtze River.20% organic fertilizer substitute for inorganic fertilizer was the most beneficial to getting high and stable yield of rice and wheat,and improvement of soil fertility in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, Rice and wheat yield, Soil nutrients, Soil aggregate

中图分类号: 

• S143.1