摘要： 探究调环酸钙对棉花的调控效果和增产潜力，为新疆棉区高产栽培提供科学依据。于2019年在新疆呼图壁县大丰镇和沙湾县四道河子镇进行，采用随机区组试验设计，以缩节胺为对照（CK），设置4个调环酸钙处理剂量：T1（750 g/hm²）、T2（1 350 g/hm²）、T3（1 950 g/hm²）、T4（2 550 g/hm²），于现蕾期、初花期、打顶前和打顶后分剂量喷施。调查棉花干物质积累量、农艺性状和产量及品质等指标。喷施调环酸钙后主茎日增长量随时间先增加后降低，在施药2次后（初花期）达到峰值，调环酸钙对株高的调控效果具有一定剂量效应，随剂量的增加先增强后减弱，在T3水平下抑制效果最显著，吐絮期在两试验点棉花株高较对照增加3.35%，7.15%。同时调环酸钙提高了棉花地上部生物量积累，T3生殖器官生物量在两试验点分别较对照提高35.07%，34.35%；调环酸钙处理叶枝较对照长3.89~14.34 cm，第一果枝长度较对照增加4.83~10.16 cm，第四果枝的长度增加3.34~12.34 cm；相比对照，调环酸钙处理棉花单株结铃数提高4.90%~23.04%，籽棉产量增加226.14~907.87 kg/hm²，两试验点均以T3产量最高，皮棉产量为2 885.66，2 879.53 kg/hm²，同时调环酸钙具有优化纤维品质的作用。全生育期喷施1 950 g/hm²的5%调环酸钙能显著控制棉花株高，塑造高产株型，有效协调营养生长与生殖生长的关系，显著提高棉花产量，改善纤维品质。

关键词: 棉花, 调环酸钙, 株型调控, 农艺性状, 棉花产量, 纤维品质

Abstract: To explore the regulating effect and potential of yield increase of prohexadione calcium on cotton,and to provide scientific basis for high-yield cultivation in Xinjiang cotton area. This experiment was conducted in Dafeng Town,Hutubi County,Xinjiang,and Sidaohezi Town,Shawan County,Xinjiang in 2019. A randomized block test design was used. The test used DPC as a control(CK)and four prohexadione calcium doses were set:T1(750 g/ha),T2(1 350 g/ha),T3(1 950 g/ha)and T4(2 550 g/ha), at the bud stage,early flowering stage,topping spray in divided doses before and after topping. Dry matter accumulation,agronomic characters,yield and quality of cotton were investigated. The daily growth of main stem increased first and then decreased with time after spraying prohexadione calcium,and reached the peak after two applications(the early flowering period).The regulation effect of prohexadione calcium on plant height had a certain dose effect. With the increase of the dose,it increased first and then decreased. The inhibitory effect was most significant at the T3 level. Boll opening period of cotton plant height at the two test sites increased by 3.35%,7.15% compared with the control. At the same time,prohexadione calcium increased the biomass accumulation of cotton above ground parts,and the biomass of T3 reproductive organs was increased by 35.07%,34.35% at the two test points respectively;the leaf branches treated with prohexadione calcium were 3.89-14.34 cm longer than the control,and the first fruit branch were higher than the control length 4.83-10.16 cm,the fourth fruit branch were higher than the control length 3.34-12.34 cm; compared with the control, the number of bolls per plant of fruit branches of cotton treated with prohexadione calcium increased by 4.90%-23.04%,and the yield of seed cotton increased by 226.14-907.87 kg/ha,both of which were the same T3 has the highest yield,with lint cotton yields of 2 885.66,2 879.53 kg/ha,while prohexadione calcium has the effect of optimizing fiber quality. Spraying 1 950 g/ha of 5% prohexadione calcium during the whole growth period could significantly control cotton plant height,shape high-yield plant types,effectively coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth,significantly increase cotton yield and improve fiber quality.

Key words: Cotton, Prohexadione calcium, Plant type regulation, Agronomic traits, Cotton yield, Fiber quality

中图分类号: 

• S562.01