玉米叶斑病菌麦根腐平脐蠕孢的生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190188

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 麦根腐平脐蠕孢是引起玉米叶斑病的一种病原菌。明确了该病原菌在不同温度、pH及碳/氮源条件下的菌丝生长、产孢量及孢子萌发等生物学特性，并评价该病原菌对8种常用杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明，温度为28℃时菌丝生长最快，达到73.00 mm，并且孢子萌发率最高，为96.91%；产孢的最佳温度为25℃，孢子量为15.13×10³/cm²。在pH值7和8的培养基上菌丝生长最快，分别为65.25，65.13 mm，孢子萌发率分别为88.75%，85.00%；在pH值7的培养基上产孢量最高，为48.44×10³/cm²。在以淀粉和蔗糖为碳源的培养基上菌丝生长量分别为53.00，50.17 mm；在以半乳糖为碳源的培养基上产孢量最高，为1.93×10⁴/cm²，其次为淀粉培养基，产孢量为0.42×10⁴/cm²；在以淀粉、半乳糖和蔗糖为碳源的培养基上孢子萌发率分别为76.03%，74.52%，72.26%。在以硝酸钠为氮源的培养基上菌丝生长最快，为36.44 mm；在以脯氨酸为氮源的培养基上产孢量最高，为5.59×10³/cm²；在以脯氨酸和硝酸钠为氮源的培养基上孢子萌发率分别为49.38%，45.00%。对供试杀菌剂敏感性测定结果表明，戊唑醇和咯菌腈对菌丝生长抑制活性最高，EC₅₀均为0.07 mg/L，咯菌腈对孢子萌发的抑制活性最高，EC₅₀为2.80 mg/L。结果将为了解玉米麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病的发生流行规律并制定有效防治措施提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米叶斑病, 麦根腐平脐蠕孢, 生物学特性, 杀菌剂, 抑制活性

Abstract: Bipolaris sorokiniana is a causal agent of leaf spot disease in maize. The biological characteristics of B. sorokiniana including mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial germination at different temperature, pH and carbon/nitrogen sources were determined, and the sensitivity of this pathogen to 8 commonly used fungicides was evaluated. The results showed that the mycelial growth and conidial germination rate were the highest at 28 ℃, which were 73.00 mm and 96.91%, respectively. The optimum temperature of sporulation was 25 ℃, and the amount of spore was 15.13×10³/cm². The mycelium grew fastest on the media with pH 7 and 8, which were 65.25，65.13 mm, respectively, and the conidial germination rates were 88.75% and 85.00% at the pH 7 and 8, respectively. The highest sporulation was observed on the medium of pH 7 with 48.44×10³/cm². The mycelial growth on the media with starch and sucrose as carbon sources were 53.00, 50.17 mm, respectively. The highest sporulation on the medium with galactose as carbon source was 1.93×10⁴/cm², followed by the medium with starch, and the amount of spore was 0.42×10⁴/cm². The conidial germination rates on the medium with starch, galactose and sucrose as carbon sources were 76.03%, 74.52% and 72.26%, respectively. The growth of mycelium was the fastest on the medium with sodium nitrate as the nitrogen source, which was 36.44 mm. The highest sporulation was 5.59×10³/cm² on the medium with proline as the nitrogen source. And the conidial germination rates on the medium with proline and sodium nitrate as nitrogen sources were 49.38% and 45.00%, respectively. The results of sensitivity to tested fungicide indicated that the inhibitory activity of tebuconazole and fludioxonil to mycelial growth was the highest with the same EC₅₀of 0.07 mg/L and that of fludioxonil to conidial germination was the best with EC₅₀ of 2.80 mg/L. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the occurrence and prevalence of B. sorokiniana leaf spot and formulating effective control measures.

Key words: Maize leaf spot, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Biological characteristic, Funigicide, Inhibitory activity

中图分类号:

S435.131

郭宁, 胡清玉, 刘粤阳, 石洁, 张海剑, 刘树森. 玉米叶斑病菌麦根腐平脐蠕孢的生物学特性及其对杀菌剂的敏感性[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 289-295. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190188.

GUO Ning, HU Qingyu, LIU Yueyang, SHI Jie, ZHANG Haijian, LIU Shusen. Biological Characteristics and Sensitivity to Fungicides of Bipolaris sorokiniana Causing Maize Leaf Spot[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 289-295. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190188.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/289

参考文献

[1] Manghwar H, Hussain A, Ullah A, Gul S, Shaban M, Khan A H, Ali M, Sani S G A S, Chaudhary H J, Munis M F H. Expression analysis of defense related genes in wheat and maize against Bipolaris sorokiniana[J]. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2018, 103:36-46. doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2018.04.002.
[2] Sultana M S, Adhikary S K, Islam M M, Rahman S M M. Evaluation of pathogenic variability based on leaf blotch disease development components of Bipolaris sorokiniana in Triticum aestivum and agroclimatic origin[J]. Plant Pathology Journal, 2018, 34(2):93-103. doi:10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2017.0175.
[3] Viani A, Sinha P, Sharma T, Bhar L M. A model for forecasting spot blotch disease in wheat[J]. Australasian Plant Pathology, 2017, 46(6):601-609. doi:10.1007/s13313-017-0514-z.
[4] Agostinetto L, Casa R T, Bogo A, Sachs C, Souza C A, Reis E M, Cunha I C. Barley spot blotch intensity, damage, and control response to foliar fungicide application in southern Brazil[J]. Crop Protection, 2015, 67:7-12. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.09.012.
[5] 张德珍, 李鹏昌, 陈晓霞, 王彩霞, 于金凤. 山东省小麦根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定[J]. 植物保护学报, 2016, 43(2):233-240. doi:10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2016.02.008.
Zang D Z, Li P C, Chen X X, Wang C X, Yu J F. Isolation and identification of the pathogens causing wheat common root rot in Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2016, 43(2):233-240.
[6] 刘露. 雅安市玉米叶斑病的危害及小型叶斑病的病原研究[D]. 雅安:四川农业大学, 2012.
Lu L. Study on pathogen of small leaf spot disease and the harm of leaf spot disease on maize in Ya'an[D]. Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2012.
[7] 郭宁, 倪璇, 石洁, 马井玉, 薛春生, 陈捷. 玉米麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病的发生与病原鉴定[J]. 植物病理学报, 2017, 47(1):1-8. doi:10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000049.
Go N, Ni X, Shi J, Ma J Y, Xue C S, Chen J. The occurrence and pathogen identification of leaf spot on maize[J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2017, 47(1):1-8.
[8] 何苏琴, 荆卓琼, 丁文娇, 赵桂琴, 金涛. 西藏秋播燕麦苗期褐斑病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究[J]. 草原与草坪, 2011, 31(5):30-33. doi:10.13817/j.cnki.cyycp.2011.05.006.
H S Q, Jing Z Q, Ding W J, Zhao G Q, Jin T. Identification and biological characteristics of pathogen of oat brown leaf spot Tibetan[J]. Grassland and Turf, 2011, 31(5):30-33.
[9] 张婕, 迟明亮, 刘淑艳. 草坪草离蠕孢叶枯病菌生物学特性的研究[J]. 菌物研究, 2009, 7(2):89-93. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3538.2009.02.006.
Zang J, Chi M L, Liu S Y. Biological characteristics of the pathogen of turfgrass Bipolaris leaf spot[J]. Journal of Fungal Research, 2009, 7(2):89-93.
[10] 刘正坪, 王立新, 李荣禧, 刘彩凤, 李永杰. 小麦根腐病菌鉴定及其生物学特性测定[J]. 华北农学报, 2002, 17(2):44-48. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2002.02.010.
Lu Z P, Wang L X, Li R X, Liu C F, Li Y J. Identification and biological character test of wheat common rot pathogen[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2002, 17(2):44-48.
[11] 杨叶, 王兰英, 胡美姣. 牛筋草离孺孢生物学特性及代谢产物活性测定[J]. 微生物学通报, 2009, 36(5):666-671. doi:10.13344/j.microbiol.china.2009.05.019.
Yng Y, Wang L Y, Hu M J. Biological characteristics and herbicidal activity of metabolites produced by Bipolaris sorokiniana from Eleusine indica[J]. Microbiology, 2009, 36(5):666-671.
[12] 袁胜亮, 刘峰, 张娜.6种杀菌剂对小麦叶斑根腐病菌的毒力测定[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(15), 273-276.
Yan S L, Liu F, Zhang N. Toxicity assay of several chemical fungicides against pathogen of wheat root rot[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(15):273-276.
[13] 张海珊, 章东方, 严丹侃, 顾江涛, 张勇. 小麦蠕孢菌叶枯病菌室内药剂筛选[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(5):1945, 2014. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2013.05.024.
Zang H S, Zhang D F, Yan D K, Gu J T, Zhang Y. Indoor fungicide screening of Helminthosporium leaf blotch on wheat[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 41(5):1945, 2014.
[14] 刘振宇, 季延平, 吴玉柱, 刘殷. 药剂对两种草坪草病害病原菌的抑菌效果[J]. 农药, 2002, 43(9):29-31. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0413.2002.09.016.
Lu Z Y, Ji Y P, Wu Y Z, Liu Y. Inhibition effect of fungicides on two pathogen of turfgrass diseases:Rhizoctonia solani and Bipolaris sorokiniana[J]. Pesticides, 2002, 43(9):29-31.
[15] 王春明, 韩青梅, 黄丽丽, 康振生. 3种杀菌剂对小麦黑胚病菌的毒力测定及病害防治作用[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 34(7):55-60. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1671-9387.2006.07.013.
Wng C M, Han Q M, Huang L L, Kang Z S. Control of 3 fungicides against wheat black point in vitro and in vivo[J]. Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 34(7):55-60.
[16] 李东臣. 山东德州市小麦主要病害防治技术研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2007. doi:10.7666/d.y1374621 Li D C. Research in technology to control major wheat diseases in Dezhou City Shandong Province[D]. Taian:Shandong Agricultural University, 2007.
[17] 梁萍, 宁平, 简峰, 黄艳花, 王露儒, 陈立和. 黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌及其生物学特性鉴定[J]. 植物病理学报, 2018, 48(6):758-765. doi:10.13926/j.cnki.apps.000236.
Lang P, Ning P, Jian F, Huang Y H, Wang L R, Chen L H. Identification and biological characteristics of Corynespora cassiicola causing leaf spot on Sanchezia nobilis[J]. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2018, 48(6):758-765.
[18] 徐建强, 杨改凤, 田娟, 车志平, 康业斌. 三种杀菌剂对牡丹红斑病病菌分生孢子形成和萌发的影响[J]. 植物保护学报, 2016, 43(5):850-857. doi:10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2016.05.020.
X J Q, Yang G F, Tian J, Che Z P, Kang Y B. Effects of carbendazim, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin on sporulation and conidial germination of Cladosporium paeoniae causing tree peony red spot[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2016, 43(5):850-857.
[19] 刘树森, 胡清玉, 杨扬, 李坡, 马红霞, 石洁. 培养条件及杀菌剂对玉米穗腐病菌可可毛色二孢生长的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2018, 39(8):1611-1617. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2018.08.021.
Lu S S, Hu Q Y, Yang Y, Li P, Ma H X, Shi J. Effects of culture conditions and fungicides on growth ofLasiodiplodia theobromae causing maize ear rot[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2018, 39(8):1611-1617.
[20] 高杨杨, 禾丽菲, 李北兴, 林琎, 慕卫, 刘峰. 山东省辣椒上尖孢炭疽复合种对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线及吡唑醚菌酯增效配方筛选[J]. 农药学学报, 2017, 19(6):701-707. doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2017.0096.
Go Y Y, He L F, Li B X, Lin J, Mu W, Liu F. Baseline sensitivity to pyraclostrobin of Colletotrichum acutatum species complex collected from chili in Shandong Province and the screening of synergistic formula[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2017, 19(6):701-707.
[21] 刘欣, 王明爽, 梅秀凤, 姜丽英, 韩国兴, 李红叶. 柑橘黑点病菌种群对代森锰锌的敏感性评价及其替代药剂的筛选[J]. 植物保护学报, 2018, 45(2):373-381. doi:10.13802/j.cnki.zwbhxb.2018.2016175.
Lu X, Wang M S, Mei X F, Jiang L Y, Han G X, Li H Y. Sensitivity evaluation of Diaporthe citri populations to mancozeb and screening of alternative fungicides for citrus melanose control[J]. Journal of Plant Protection, 2018, 45(2):373-381.
[22] 马桂珍. 麦根腐平脐蠕孢病菌的菌落变异研究[J]. 河北农业技术师范学院学报, 1997, 11(1):38-41.
M G Z. Study on the bacterial colony dissociation of Bipolaris sorokiniana[J]. Journal of Hebei Agrotechnical Teachers College, 1997, 11(1):38-41.
[23] 袁丽红, 陆家云. 麦根腐平脐蠕孢菌株变异及致病力分化研究[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 1992, 15(2):45-50. doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.1992.02.008.
Yan L H, Lu J Y. Studies on strain variations and pathological differentiation of Bipolaris sorokiniana[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1992, 15(2):45-50.
[24] Kumar J, Schäfer P, Hückelhoven R, Langen G, Baltruschat H, Stein E, Nagarajan S, Kogel K H. Bipolaris sorokiniana, a cereal pathogen of global concern:cytological and molecular approaches towards better control[J]. Molecular plant pathology, 2002, 3(4):185-195. doi:10.1046/j.1364-3703.2002.00120.x.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容