摘要： 为探究锌肥在干旱胁迫下对冬小麦根系生长发育及产量的影响，以洛旱6号小麦为供试材料，采用盆栽控水的方法模拟干旱胁迫，设置T1（正常灌溉+0 mg/kg锌）、T2（正常灌溉+1 mg/kg锌）、T3（干旱胁迫+0 mg/kg锌）、T4（干旱胁迫+1 mg/kg锌）4个处理，研究了锌肥对干旱胁迫下小麦根系形态结构、生理活性及单株产量的影响。结果表明，与T1处理相比，T3处理总体上小麦总根长、根平均直径、根总表面积和根总体积显著降低，根毛密度和根毛直径显著减少，而根毛长度差异未达显著水平。根毛结构因干旱胁迫受损，细胞壁变薄，未见细胞核，大部分细胞器解体，内含物消失，根毛衰亡。根系锌含量、生长素含量及根系活力下降，最终表现为单株产量显著降低。与T3处理相比，总体上T4处理的根系总长、根平均直径、根总表面积和根总体积显著增加，根毛密度和直径明显增大，根毛结构完整，细胞核清晰可见，内含物充实，根毛生长良好。根系锌含量、生长素含量和根系活力显著上升。研究还发现，与T3处理相比，T4处理下小麦单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和单株产量分别增加了6.25%，8.01%，6.87%和50.00%。综合分析可知，在豫西旱地生态条件下，增施锌肥能增强小麦根系在干旱胁迫下的稳定性，改善小麦根系发育状况。因此，增施锌肥对缓解干旱胁迫下小麦减产有重要作用。

关键词: 小麦, 根系, 干旱, 锌肥, 产量

Abstract: Luohan 6 was used as the experimental material in a pot experiment to investigate the effects of zinc fertilizer on root growth and grain yield of winter wheat under drought stress. Four treatments were set up:T1 (normal irrgation+0 mg/kg Zn), T2 (normal irrgation+1 mg/kg Zn), T3 (drought stress+0 mg/kg Zn), and T4 (drought stress+1 mg/kg Zn). The results showed that, compared with T1, the total root length, root mean diameter, total root surface area and total root volume of wheat were noticeably reduced in T3 treatment. The density and diameter of root hair were dramatically decreased, but the difference of root hair length was not significant. The root hair structure was damaged by drought stress, of which the cell wall of root hair became thinner, no nucleus was seen, most of the organelles disintegrated, the inclusion disappeared, and the root hairs decayed. The contents of zinc and indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the root, as well as the root activity, decreased, which resulted in the marked decrease of grain yield per plant. Under T4 treatment, the total root length, root mean diameter, total root surface area and root volume increased observably compared to T3 treatment, and the density and diameter of root hair also increased greatly. The root hair structure was intact, the nucleus was clearly visible, the inclusion was sufficient, and the root hair developed well. In addition, the contents of zinc and IAA in the root, as well as the root activity, likewise ascended remarkably. Compared with T3, the spikes per plant, grain per spike, thousand kernel weight and grain yield per plant of T4 increased by 6.25%, 8.01%, 6.87% and 50.00%, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that under the ecological conditions of dryland in Western Henan, the application of zinc fertilizer can enhance the stability of wheat root growth and improve the development of wheat root. As a result, the application of zinc fertilizer has an important role in alleviating wheat yield reduction under drought stress.

Key words: Wheat, Root, Drought, Zinc fertilizer, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S512.1