摘要： 为合理利用蚯蚓粪肥替代部分化肥实现陕南烟区化肥减施增效，改善烟田土壤质量。采用大田试验，设置5个处理：CK（无肥处理）、T1（纯化肥处理）、T2（蚯蚓粪肥氮替代30%化肥氮）、T3（蚯蚓粪肥氮替代50%化肥氮）、T4（蚯蚓粪肥氮替代70%化肥氮）。研究不同施肥处理对植烟土壤理化特性、酶活性及微生物的影响，深入分析各肥力因子间的相关关系，综合评价土壤肥力水平。结果表明：不施肥或配施蚯蚓粪肥能显著降低土壤容重，较纯化肥处理（T1），无肥处理（CK）下降2.38%，配施蚯蚓粪肥处理（T2、T3及T4）下降3.17%~6.35%；施肥能显著提高土壤速效养分及有机质含量，T2处理对土壤速效养分提升效果最佳，较CK处理土壤碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾分别增加2.63，1.38，0.99倍；有机质含量随蚯蚓粪替代比例增加而呈递增的趋势，T4处理含量最高达22.35 g/kg，较CK处理增加62.07%。蚯蚓粪肥替代部分化肥能显著提高土壤生物学特性，较T1脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性分别增加16.45%~37.97%，22.99%~34.57%，18.40%~28.80%，10.19%~19.74%，而细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别增加43.22%~122.35%，20.74%~55.87%，44.80%~76.64%。各肥力因子间存在一定的相关关系，主成分分析表明第一主成分反映了土壤有机质转化能力，第二主成分代表土壤速效养分供应能力，综合模型表明，蚯蚓粪部分替换无机肥对土壤综合肥力影响差异主要体现在速效钾、速效磷、碱解氮、放线菌、真菌、酸性磷酸酶、细菌及有机质，土壤综合肥力评价表明T4（蚯蚓粪肥氮替代70%化肥氮）最佳，T2（蚯蚓粪肥氮替代30%化肥氮）次之。

关键词: 蚯蚓粪, 烤烟, 土壤肥力, 肥力评价

Abstract: In order to make rational use of earthworm manure instead of some chemical fertilizer,improving the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizer and soil quality in tobacco growing area of Southern Shaanxi.A field experiment with five treatments:CK (no fertilizer),T1 (chemical fertilizer),T2 (nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen replacement 30% earthworm manure),T3(nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen to replace 50% earthworm manure),T4(nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen replacement 70% earthworm manure).We studied the effects of different fertilization treatments on the physicochemical properties,enzyme activity and microorganism of tobacco planting soil,and analyzed the correlation of various fertility factors,and comprehensively evaluated the soil fertility level.The results showed that without fertilizing or applying earthworm manure,soil bulk density could be reduced significantly.Compared with pure fertilizer treatment (T1),no fertilizer treatment (CK) decreased 2.38%,and earthworm manure treatment (T2,T3 and T4) decreased 3.17%-6.35%.Fertilization could significantly increase soil available nutrients and organic matter content.The effect of T2 treatment on soil quick effective nutrients was the best,compared with CK treatment soil alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,respectively,2.63,1.38 and 0.99 times more.The content of organic matter increased with the increased of the proportion of earthworm manure.The highest T4 content reached 22.35 g/kg,which was 62.07% higher than that of CK treatment.The replacement of some fertilizer by earthworm manure could significantly increase the biological characteristics of soil,and the activity of T1 urease,invertase,acid phosphatase and catalase increase 16.45%-37.97%,22.99%-34.57%,18.40%-28.80% and 10.19%-19.74%,respectively.While the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes increased by 43.22%-122.35%,20.74%-55.87% and 44.80%-76.64% respectively.There was a certain correlation between the fertility factors.The principal component analysis showed that the first principal component reflected the transformation ability of soil organic matter,and the second principal component represented the supply capacity of soil available nutrients.The comprehensive model showed that the difference of the effect of earthworm feces partly replaced by inorganic fertilizer on soil comprehensive fertility was mainly reflected in available potassium,available phosphorus,alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,actinomycetes,fungi,acid phosphatase,bacteria and organic matter.Soil comprehensive fertility evaluation showed that T4 (earthworm manure nitrogen instead of 70% fertilizer nitrogen) was the best,and T2 (earthworm manure nitrogen instead of 30% fertilizer nitrogen) was the second.

Key words: Earthworm manure, Tobacco, Soil nutrient, Fertility evaluation

中图分类号: 

• S158.3

• S572

• S141